PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to determine whether the morphological consistency of distal fibula could be defined by measurement through radiological assessment as there was doubt regarding the adequacy of anatomical distal fibular plates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) images of 300 cases from 2009 to 2012 were reviewed. The distance from the lateral vertex to the tip of the distal fibula and to the lateral margin of the shaft was measured, respectively, in order to understand the shape of the lateral curve of the distal fibula on plain radiographs. The neutral ridge was defined as a point of the lateral ridge located in the center of the antero-posterior diameter and the distance from the tip of the distal fibula to the neutral ridge was measured for determining the shape of the ridge on CT images. The angle of the lateral and posterior surface of the fibular incisura at the level of the neutral ridge was also measured. RESULTS A statistically significant difference in the lateral vertex and margin of the fibular shaft on plain radiographs and distance from the tip of the distal fibula to the neutral ridge, angle of the fibular lateral surface on CT images was observed between male and female. The mean distance from the lateral vertex to the tip of distal fibula was 12.2+/-3.0 mm, to the lateral margin of the fibular shaft was 5.6+/-1.7 mm, distance from tip of the distal fibula to the neutral ridge was 54.9+/-6.4 mm, the fibular lateral surface angle was 52.2degrees+/-9.1degrees, and the fibular posterior surface angle was 32.5degrees+/-9.3degrees. CONCLUSION Based on the various radiologic parameters, it was concluded that there was a wide morphological diversity of shape of lateral curve and fibular ridge.
PURPOSE This study was conducted to investigate and identify an appropriate fracture treatment method by analyzing patients in whom a femoral incompetence fracture occurred after receiving a long-term bisphosphonate administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects of this study were 13 cases out of ten patients among those who had a history of receiving bisphosphonate for more than five years and had a fracture or an imminent fracture with a characteristic radiological finding in the femoral subtrochanteric region and the interfemoral region. The period of the drug administration, bone density, the existence of a prodromal symptom, and bilateral fracture were investigated. RESULTS In seven out of the 13 cases, the patients complained of painat the femoral and pelvic parts as a prodrome (53.8%), and three of them showed a bilateral fracture (30%). An imminent fracture with a prodrome was observed in six cases (46.2%); for three of these cases, a prophylactic fixture pexis was performed by inserting a metal nail into the medullary cavity, and in two out of these three, a complete fracture was found within 11 months on average (3 to 19 months). In the three prophylactic fixture pexis performed cases, no postoperative complications were found, and a radiological finding of concrescence was seen within one year after the operation. Among the nine operation performed cases after the fracture, non-union was found in two. CONCLUSION In the patients who have received bisphosphonate for a long periodof time, a prodome may be a useful indicator of a fracture in the femoral subtrochanteric region and the interfemoral region; therefore, a careful observation is necessary. A prophylactic internal fixation is recommended for patients with imminent fracture with a prodome since they have a high risk of a complete fracture is high in them.
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Subtrochanteric Fracture Reduction during Intramedullary Nailing: Technical Note Gyu Min Kong Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2019; 32(2): 107. CrossRef
PURPOSE To evaluate the incidence of neurologic injury in pelvic ring injuries and to assess the risk factors for neurologic injury related to pelvic fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-two patients with the pelvic ring injury were enrolled in the study from March 2010 to May 2013. When the neurologic injury was suspected clinically, the electro-diagnostic tests were performed. Combined injuries, fracture types, and longitudinal displacements were examined for correlations with the neurologic injury. RESULTS There were 7 cases of AO/OTA type A, 37 cases of type B, and 18 cases of type C. Among them, 25 patients (40%) had combined spine fractures, and the average of longitudinal displacement was 7 mm (1-50 mm). Of the 62 patients, 13 (21%) had neurologic injury related with pelvic fractures; 5 with lumbosacral plexus injury, 5 with L5 or S1 nerve injury, 2 with obturator nerve injury, and 1 case of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury. There were no relationships between the neurologic injuries and fracture types (p=0.192), but the longitudinal displacements of posterior ring and combined spine fractures were related to the neurologic injury within pelvic ring injury (p=0.006, p=0.048). CONCLUSION The incidence of neurologic injury in pelvis fracture was 21%. In this study, the longitudinal displacements of posterior ring and combined spine fractures were risk factors for neurological injury in pelvic ring injury.
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Surgical Outcome of Posterior Pelvic Fixation Using S1, S2 Screws in Vertically Unstable Pelvic Ring Injury Kwang Hee Yeo, Nam Hoon Moon, Jae Min Ahn, Jae Yoon Jeong, Jae Hoon Jang Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2018; 31(1): 9. CrossRef
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes after removing the volar locking plate for distal radius fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of 34 patients, 36 cases after removing the plates among 150 patients, with 162 cases that underwent open reduction and internal fixation using the volar locking plate between January 2006 and May 2011. We performed preoperative and postoperative clinical assessments using the quick-disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (Q-DASH), the visual analog scale (VAS) score, and the range of motion on wrist, grip and pinch power. RESULTS The major reason for plate removal was the time to remove the plate according to the fracture union and the patient's demand without other specific complaints (28 cases). The mean preoperative VAS score was 1.78 and the mean postoperative VAS score 1.81 (p=0.64). The mean preoperative Q-DASH score was 30.02 and the mean postoperative Q-DASH score 38.46 (p<0.001). The mean preoperative grip and pinch power were 18.14 kg and 7.67 kg. The mean postoperative grip and pinch power were 15.27 kg and 6.94 kg (p=0.23). CONCLUSION The removal of the volar locking plate for distal radius fracture should be decided by considering the patient's clinical and socioeconomic conditions carefully.
PURPOSE To report the clinical results of opening wedge osteotomy graft in the volarly malunited distal radius. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten patients with volarly malunited distal radius fractures treated by opening wedge osteotomy were included in this study. Grip power, range of motion of the wrist, radiographic parameter and Mayo wrist scores were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS At the final follow-up, the rotation of the forearm, the range of motion of wrist, and the grip power were improved. The average radial inclination improved to 22.2degrees, the average volar tilting improved to 5.6degrees, and the average ulnar variance improved to 0.8 mm. The average Mayo wrist score was improved to 85.6. CONCLUSION Opening wedge osteotomy for volarly malunited distal radius was considered as one of the good treatments to restore anatomy of the distal radius and distal radioulnar joint and also to improve the function of the wrist joint.
PURPOSE To evaluate whether the radiological and clinical results of treatment with intertrochanteric/subtrochanteric (ITST) nail on unstable intertrochanteric fractures are combined with comminution of the greater trochanter or not. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the results on 210 cases of unstable intertrochanteric fractures (grouped 88 patients with comminution of greater trochanter [GT] and 122 patients without comminution of GT) treated with ITST nail from January 2007 to October 2011, which was to be followed-up for more than 12 months. RESULTS The mean union time was 15.2 weeks in the study group (combined with comminution of GT). The mean union time was 14.7 weeks in control group (no comminution of GT). The lag screw sliding was 8.7 mm in the study group and 7.2 mm in the control group. Changes of neck-shaft angle was 4.2degrees in study group and 4.1degrees in control group. Tip-apex distance was 17.4 mm in study group and 16.4 mm in control group. The complications were 4 cases in each study group and control group. The clinical results checked by Skovron recovery scores decreased similarly in both groups, 73.7% in study group and 76.5% in control group. There were no significant differences in both groups according to radiological and clinical results. CONCLUSION The comminution of great trochanter does not affect on the radiological and clinical results when using the ITST nail of unstable intertrochanteric fractures.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to compare the treatment results of fracture fixations by using two minimal invasive techniques for patients with periprosthetic femoral fractures following total knee arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed 36 patients (5 males, 31 females) of periprosthetic femoral fractures whom were treated surgically between January 2005 and January 2011. Mean patient age was 68.9 years (range, 43 to 81 years) old and the follow-up period averaged 41 months (range, 18 to 72 months). Nineteen patients were treated with minimal invasive locking plate fixations (group I) and 17 patients with retrograde intramedullary nailing (group II). Clinical and radiological outcomes in each group were comparatively analyzed. RESULTS Successful bone unions occurred in all patients and the mean time to bone union was 3.7 months in group I and 4.2 months in group II. There were no statistical differences between the two groups according to mean operative time and mean intraoperative blood loss. There were also no statistical differences between two groups according to clinical outcomes but the valgus deformity was apparent in group II and radiological outcomes revealed significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION For the treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures after total knee arthroplasty, two minimal invasive techniques have shown good clinical results. However, the minimal invasive plate fixation showed better results in the radiological alignments.
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The Result of Treatment of Femoral Periprosthetic Fractures after Total Knee Arthroplasty Jun-Beom Kim, In-Soo Song, Dong-Hyuk Sun, Hyun Choi Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association.2014; 49(6): 446. CrossRef
PURPOSE To compare treatment results obtained using the trochanteric (Sirus nail) entry portal with those obtained using the Piriformis fossa (M/DN) entry portal during intramedullary (IM) nailing of femur shaft fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hundreds and thirty-two patients treated for femur shaft fracture using IM nails from February, 2001 to May, 2010 were divided into two groups. group 1 was composed of 180 patients treated through the trochanteric (Sirus nail; n=180) entry portal, while group 2 contained 170 patients treated through the piriformis fossa (M/DN nail; n=170) entry portal. We compared the clinical and radiographic findings of both groups to evaluate the treatment results. RESULTS Functional result, range of motion and union time (18, 20 weeks) were similar in both groups. The operation time of patients in the over-weighted group was 90 minutes in group 1 and 120 minutes in group 2 (p<0.05). Additionally, the blood loss was 280 ml in group 1 and 335 ml in group 2, and in case of over-weight patients, group 2 showed more blood loss (p<0.05). The duration of exposure to fluoroscopy differed slightly, with group 1 being less exposed than group 2; however, this difference was not significant (p>0.05). There were 18 iatrogenic fractures in group 1 and 4 in group 2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION There was not much difference in complications based on clinical and radiographic findings of both groups. For groups using the trochanteric entry portal, the operation time was shorter and blood loss was lower than in groups using the piriformis entry portal. Iatrogenic fracture occurred more often in the group using the trochanteric entry portal than in the group using the piriformis entry portal.
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Analysis of different entry portals for femoral nail with two different nail designs-straight nail versus lateral angulated nail - Does it make a difference? Sanjay Yadav, Saurabh Singh, Anil Kumar Rai Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma.2019; 10(5): 912. CrossRef
Comparing Entry Points for Antegrade Nailing of Femoral Shaft Fractures Ujash Sheth, Chetan Gohal, Jaskarndip Chahal, Aaron Nauth, Tim Dwyer Orthopedics.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
The Curative Effect Comparison Between Prolonged Third Generation of Gamma Nail and Prolonged Dynamic Hip Screw Internal Fixation in Treating Femoral Intertrochanteric Fracture and the Effect on Infection Wenye He, Wei Zhang Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics.2015; 71(2): 695. CrossRef
Treatment of Femur Subtrochanteric Fracture Using the Intramedullary Long Nail; Comparison of Closed Reduction and Minimal Open Reduction Sang Joon Lee, Sang Hong Lee, Sang Soo Park, Hyung Seok Park Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association.2015; 50(1): 18. CrossRef
Failure to Remove a Trochanteric Entry Femoral Nail and Its Cause in Adolescent Patients: Two Cases Report Ji-Hwan Kim, Seung-Oh Nam, Young-Soo Byun, Han-Sang Kim Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2015; 28(1): 71. CrossRef
Treatment of the Femoral Fracture Using SirusĀ® Nail: A Comparison of Complication according to the Entry Potal Young-Yool Chung, Dong-Hyuk Choi, Dae-Hyun Yoon, Jung-Ho Lee, Ji-Hun Park Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2015; 28(2): 103. CrossRef
Comparison of Greater Trochanter Versus Piriformis Entry Nail for Treatment of Femur Shaft Fracture Jong-Hee Lee, Jong-Hoon Park, Si-Yeong Park, Seong-Cheol Park, Seung-Beom Han Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2014; 27(4): 287. CrossRef
PURPOSE We classified fractures of the greater trochanter (GT) and evaluated fracture fragment stability according to GT type. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 43 patients with an unstable intertrochanteric fracture treated between January 2007 and July 2009 with bipolar hemiarthroplasty were included in this study. GT fractures were classified as type A, B, C, or D and fixed using either cerclage wiring alone, cerclage wiring and non-absorbable suture or a greater trochanteric reattachment (GTR) plate. RESULTS Type A fractures were fixed using cerclage wiring with non-absorbable suture in two cases, cerclage wiring in six cases and GTR plate in seven cases. Failure occurred in three cases of type A fractures treated with cerclage wiring alone. A total of 11 type B fractures were fixed with cerclage wiring (7), cerclage wiring and non-absorbable suture (3) and GTR plate (1). There was no failure of type B fractures. Type C fractures were fixed using cerclage wiring with non-absorbable suture in one case and GTR plate in three. There was no fixation in three cases. Of 10 type D fractures, six were treated with cerclage wiring and one with GTR plate. Fixation was not performed in three patients. There was no failure in type C and D type fractures. CONCLUSION Fracture fragment stability differed according to fracture types. Cerclage wiring alone was insufficient to fix type A fractures, so type A fracture required a stronger fixation method.
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Is rigid fixation of the greater trochanter necessary for arthroplasty of intertrochanteric fractures? Kee Haeng Lee, Dong Hun Lee, Jong Ho Noh, Yoon Vin Kim Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research.2019; 105(1): 41. CrossRef
Selecting Arthroplasty Fixation Approach Based on Greater Trochanter Fracture Type in Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures Min-Wook Kim, Young-Yool Chung, Sung-an Lim, Seung-Woo Shim Hip & Pelvis.2019; 31(3): 144. CrossRef
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the radiographic and clinical results of patella fractures using a circumferential wiring combined with tension band wiring. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2005 and June 2012, 22 (male 14, female 8) patients with patella fracture treated with circumferential wiring combined with tension band wiring were analyzed retrospectively. The mean age of patients was 51 years (range, 28 to 72 years). Controlled passive range of motion exercise was started at three weeks from the postoperative day. The patients were evaluated using radiographs, clinical examination, and Levack's scoring system. RESULTS All fractures healed and mean time elapsed for union was 11.5 weeks (range, 10 to 14 weeks). Complete union without displacement and full range of motion was achieved in all cases. Clinical results according to Levack's scoring system were excellent in 20 cases and good in two cases. We found broken wire in one case. In this case, results of clinical evaluation after reoperation were good. CONCLUSION Circumferential wiring combined with tension band wiring is appropriate for patella fractures.
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Isolated avulsion of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus is a rare injury. The mechanism of injury is the avulsion of the lesser tuberosity from forced contractions of the subscapularis muscle when the arm is forced into an externally rotated position on shoulder abduction. Authors report a case for isolated avulsion of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus which was treated with open reduction and transosseous suture fixation, as well as a view of the literature.
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Dorsal perilunar dislocations are rare traumatic entities. Associated fractures such as carpal bones and radial styloid processes can occur. However, the dorsal perilunar dislocation associated with dislocation of distal radioulnar joint is extremely rare. The authors herein report the case of a 34-year-old man who was presented with transscaphoidal perilunar dislocation which is associated with dislocation of distal radioulnar joint.
Subclavian vessels are well protected by muscles, fascia and sheaths, so vascular complications associated with clavicular fractures are rare. Pseudoaneurysms after clavicular fractures have been reported, and the occurrence or rupture of pseudoaneurysm has been reported rarely as a late complication. However, cases of pseudoaneurysm after rupture of the clavicular fracture following delayed osteosynthesis of the clavicular fracture have not been reported. A 58-year-old female that presented with a right clavicular shaft fracture obtained conservative treatment. Surgery was performed after 4 months because of non-union in the local medical center. After operation, rupture of the subclavian pseudoaneurysm occurred following osteosynthesis of the clavicular shaft fracture. We report this case here with a review of the literature.
Primary Cementless Hip Arthroplasty in Unstable Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture in Elderlys: Short-term Results Su-Hyun Cho, Hyung Lae Cho, Hong Cho Hip & Pelvis.2014; 26(3): 157. CrossRef