REFERENCES

• 1. Buerger PM, Peoples JB, Lemmon GW, McCarthy MC. Risk of pulmonary emboli in patients with pelvic fractures. Am Surg, 1993;59:505-508.
• 2. Burgess AR, Eastridge BJ, Young JW, et al. Pelvic ring disruptions: effective classification system and treatment protocols. J Trauma, 1990;30:848-856.
• 3. Colapinto V. Trauma to the pelvis: urethral injury. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1980;(151):46-55.
• 4. Denis F, Davis S, Comfort T. Sacral fractures: an important problem. Retrospective analysis of 236 cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1988;227:67-81.
• 5. Griffin DR, Starr AJ, Reinert CM, Jones AL, Whitlock S. Vertically unstable pelvic fractures fixed with percutaneous iliosacral screws: does posterior injury pattern predict fixation failure? J Orthop Trauma, 2003;17:399-405.
• 6. Grotz MR, Allami MK, Harwood P, Pape HC, Krettek C, Giannoudis PV. Open pelvic fractures: epidemiology, current concepts of management and outcome. Injury, 2005;36:1-13.
• 7. Hak DJ, Olson SA, Matta JM. Diagnosis and management of closed internal degloving injuries associated with pelvic and acetabular fractures: the Morel-Lavallée lesion. J Trauma, 1997;42:1046-1051.
• 8. Kellam JF, McMurtry RY, Paley D, Tile M. The unstable pelvic fracture. Operative treatment. Orthop Clin North Am, 1987;18:25-41.
• 9. Kiely N, Williams N. Sexual dysfunction in women following pelvic fractures with sacro-iliac disruption. Injury, 1996;27:45-46.
• 10. Kurylo JC, Tornetta P 3rd. Initial management and classification of pelvic fractures. Instr Course Lect, 2012;61:3-18.
• 11. Matta JM, Dickson KF, Markovich GD. Surgical treatment of pelvic nonunions and malunions. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1996;(329):199-206.
• 12. Matta JM, Saucedo T. Internal fixation of pelvic ring fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1989;(242):83-97.
• 13. Matta JM, Tornetta P 3rd. Internal fixation of unstable pelvic ring injuries. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1996;(329):129-140.
• 14. Moed BR, Geer BL. S2 iliosacral screw fixation for disruptions of the posterior pelvic ring: a report of 49 cases. J Orthop Trauma, 2006;20:378-383.
• 15. Moed BR, Karges DE. Techniques for reduction and fixation of pelvic ring disruptions through the posterior approach. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1996;(329):102-114.
• 16. O'brien DP, Luchette FA, Pereira SJ, et al. Pelvic fracture in the elderly is associated with increased mortality. Surgery, 2002;132:710-714.
• 17. Oxford CF, Stein A. Complicated crushing injuries of the pelvis. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1967;49:24-32.
• 18. Pennal GF, Massiah KA. Nonunion and delayed union of fractures of the pelvis. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1980;(151):124-129.
• 19. Rai SK, Far RF, Ghovanlou B. Neurologic deficits associated with sacral wing fractures. Orthopedics, 1990;13:1363-1366.
• 20. Routt ML Jr, Kregor PJ, Simonian PT, Mayo KA. Early results of percutaneous iliosacral screws placed with the patient in the supine position. J Orthop Trauma, 1995;9:207-214.
• 21. Ruedi TP, Buckley R, Moran CG. AO principles of fracture management. Davos Platz: George Thieme Verlag; 2007.
• 22. Tile M, Helfet DL, Kellam JF. Fractures of the pelvis and acetabulum. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003.
• 23. Tornetta P 3rd, Matta JM. Outcome of operatively treated unstable posterior pelvic ring disruptions. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1996;(329):186-193.
• 24. Tseng S, Tornetta P 3rd. Percutaneous management of Morel-Lavallee lesions. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2006;88:92-96.

Fig. 1

(A) A 79-year-old male patient with Tile type C1 unstable pelvic fractures which were determined as left crescent fracture, sacroiliac joint disruption and symphysis pubis diastasis on 3-dimensional computed tomographys.

(B) Embolization with gelfoam and microcoil about the inferior epigastric artery (arrow).

Fig. 2

(A, B) A 28-year-old male patient with Tile type C1 unstable pelvic fractures which were determined as right crescent fracture including the ipsilateral superior and inferior rami on X-ray and 3-dimensional computed tomography.

(C) Conservative therapy with skeletal traction about 2 months due to liver injury.

(D) Osteotomy and multiple plate fixation about the malunion site of the ilium and ramus. Postoperative X-ray shows stable fixation but the right hemipelvis was rotated internally and migrated about 1 cm upward.

Fig. 3

(A, B) A 39-year-old female patient with Tile type C3 unstable pelvic fracture with left sacral fracture, which were both superior and inferior rami fractures on X-ray and 3-dimensional computed tomographys.

(C) Delayed operation due to problems with the patient's general condition. postoperative x-ray shows plate fixation on the left ramus, posterior sacral fracture.

(D) At 1 year, the left ramus and posterior sacral fracture site were nonunion and metal breakage on follow X-ray.

Table 1

Associated Complications of Pelvic Ring Fracture

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Simultaneous Surgery on Jejunum perforation with Pelvic Ring Fracture: A Case Report
  HoeJeong Chung, Keum-Seok Bae, Seong-yup Kim, Doosup Kim
  Journal of Trauma and Injury.2016; 29(2): 56.     CrossRef