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Fig. 1

Angle A is angle between superior aspect of S1 and iliac cortical density (ICD) line.

Fig. 2

Angle B is angle between anterior cortical line of S1, 2 vertebral body and horizontal plane; Angle C is angle between superior aspect of S1 vertebral body and horizontal plane.

Fig. 3

Cross line shows the cutting plane of A^p1S and A^p2S.

Fig. 4

Cross line shows cutting plane of A^p1Ax and A^p2Ax.

Fig. 5

The example demonstrates how to measure A^p1Ax (area of S1 pedicle in pediculsr axis, arrow) and its long and short axis.

Fig. 6

The image of transparent inlet view and the illustration show alar indentation (maximal depth of anterior alar concavity) and alar length (length of anterior sacral ala).

Fig. 7

The schematic illustration shows safe zone in sacral pedicle. True safe zone in sacral pedicle is not obtainable in one cut image (The image is modified and cited from "The vestibule concepts"2)).

Fig. 8

Anterior protrusion (white arrow) of safe zone (A^p1Ax) crosses the anterior sacral body after extension of A^p1Ax to the S1 body.

Fig. 9

Superior protrusion (white line) of safe zone (A^p1Ax) crosses the S1 superior end plate after extension of A^p1Ax to S1 body.

Table 1

The average angles of angle A, B, C, D classified by sex and age

^*The angle between superior aspect of S1 body and iliac cortical density (ICD), ^†Angle between anterior cortical line of S1, 2 body and horizontal plane, ^‡Angle between superior aspect of S1 body and horizontal plane, ^§The sum of angle A and C.

Table 2

Area of S1 pedicle in sagittal and pedicular axis

^*Area of S1 pedicle in sagittal plane, ^†Area of S1 pedicle in pedicular axis plane.

Table 3

Area of S2 pedicle in sagittal and pedicular axis plane

^*Area of S2 pedicle in sagittal plane, ^†Area of S2 pedicle in pedicular axis plane.

Table 4

Axis of S1, 2 pedicle in axial view

^*Axis of S1 pedicle, ^†Axis of S2 pedicle.

Table 5

Diameters of pedicle in axis plane

^*Area of S1 pedicle in pedicular axis plan, ^†Area of S2 pedicle in pedicular axis plan.

Table 6

Alar indentation and alar length

^*Alar indentation (maximal depth of anterior sacral ala), ^†Alar length (the length of anterior sacral ala).

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Percutaneous posterior transiliac plate versus iliosacral screw fixation for posterior fixation of Tile C-type pelvic fractures: a retrospective comparative study
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  BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Measurement of Optimal Insertion Angle for Iliosacral Screw Fixation Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Scans
  Jung-Jae Kim, Chul-Young Jung, Jonathan G. Eastman, Hyoung-Keun Oh
  Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery.2016; 8(2): 133.     CrossRef