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Review Article
Surgical Timing of Treating Adult Trauma: Emergency/Urgency
Dong-Hyun Kang, M.D., Kyu Hyun Yang, M.D., Ph.D.
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society 2015;28(2):139-145.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2015.28.2.139
Published online: January 10, 2015

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Address reprint requests to: Kyu Hyun Yang, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Korea Tel: 82-2-2019-3414ㆍFax: 82-2-573-5393 E-mail: kyang@yuhs.ac

Copyright © 2015 The Korean Fracture Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 1.
Acute compartment syndrome in lower extremity with open fracture. We can observe the venous congestion around the foot.
jkfs-28-139f1.jpg
Fig. 2.
An example of an open fracture because of fall. The patient needs early debridement and fixation. A case of open femur fracture due to fall from the roof.
jkfs-28-139f2.jpg
Fig. 3.
Regional x-rays of a polytrauma patient. We can observe severe comminuted fracture of femur diaphysis and elbow. The acetabular fracture and flail chest can also be seen.
jkfs-28-139f3.jpg
Table 1.
The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and an Example of Scoring Each Element according to Injury
AIS example Score
Head
 Head or brain crushing injury 6
 Extradural hemorrhage 4
Facial  
 External carotid artery rupture 3
 LeFort III fracture 3
Cervical  
 Thyroid contusion 1
 Laryngeal crushing injury 5
Thoracic
 Bilateral lung contusion 4
 Rib fractures more than 2–3 2
Abdominal and pelvic organ  
 Bladder rupture 4
 Spleen rupture 4
 Liver laceration >20% bleeding 3
Spine
 Complete paralysis below C4 5
 Vertebral body compression ratio >20% 3
Upper extremity  
 Open forearm fracture 3
 Shoulder dislocation 2
Lower extremity  
 Open pelvic ring injury 3
 Amputation at thigh 4
 Femur fracture 3
External
Hypothermia <31°C 3
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        Surgical Timing of Treating Adult Trauma: Emergency/Urgency
        J Korean Fract Soc. 2015;28(2):139-145.   Published online April 30, 2015
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      Surgical Timing of Treating Adult Trauma: Emergency/Urgency
      Image Image Image
      Fig. 1. Acute compartment syndrome in lower extremity with open fracture. We can observe the venous congestion around the foot.
      Fig. 2. An example of an open fracture because of fall. The patient needs early debridement and fixation. A case of open femur fracture due to fall from the roof.
      Fig. 3. Regional x-rays of a polytrauma patient. We can observe severe comminuted fracture of femur diaphysis and elbow. The acetabular fracture and flail chest can also be seen.
      Surgical Timing of Treating Adult Trauma: Emergency/Urgency

      The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and an Example of Scoring Each Element according to Injury

      AIS example Score
      Head
       Head or brain crushing injury 6
       Extradural hemorrhage 4
      Facial  
       External carotid artery rupture 3
       LeFort III fracture 3
      Cervical  
       Thyroid contusion 1
       Laryngeal crushing injury 5
      Thoracic
       Bilateral lung contusion 4
       Rib fractures more than 2–3 2
      Abdominal and pelvic organ  
       Bladder rupture 4
       Spleen rupture 4
       Liver laceration >20% bleeding 3
      Spine
       Complete paralysis below C4 5
       Vertebral body compression ratio >20% 3
      Upper extremity  
       Open forearm fracture 3
       Shoulder dislocation 2
      Lower extremity  
       Open pelvic ring injury 3
       Amputation at thigh 4
       Femur fracture 3
      External
      Hypothermia <31°C 3
      Table 1. The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and an Example of Scoring Each Element according to Injury


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