Fig. 1.Acute compartment syndrome in lower extremity with open fracture. We can observe the venous congestion around the foot.
Fig. 2.An example of an open fracture because of fall. The patient needs early debridement and fixation. A case of open femur fracture due to fall from the roof.
Fig. 3.Regional x-rays of a polytrauma patient. We can observe severe comminuted fracture of femur diaphysis and elbow. The acetabular fracture and flail chest can also be seen.
Table 1.The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and an Example of Scoring Each Element according to Injury
AIS example |
Score |
Head |
Head or brain crushing injury |
6 |
Extradural hemorrhage |
4 |
Facial |
|
External carotid artery rupture |
3 |
LeFort III fracture |
3 |
Cervical |
|
Thyroid contusion |
1 |
Laryngeal crushing injury |
5 |
Thoracic |
Bilateral lung contusion |
4 |
Rib fractures more than 2–3 |
2 |
Abdominal and pelvic organ |
|
Bladder rupture |
4 |
Spleen rupture |
4 |
Liver laceration >20% bleeding |
3 |
Spine |
Complete paralysis below C4 |
5 |
Vertebral body compression ratio >20% |
3 |
Upper extremity |
|
Open forearm fracture |
3 |
Shoulder dislocation |
2 |
Lower extremity |
|
Open pelvic ring injury |
3 |
Amputation at thigh |
4 |
Femur fracture |
3 |
External |
Hypothermia <31°C |
3 |
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