Journal of Musculoskeletal Trauma

Treatment of Shatzker Type VI Tibia Plateau Fracture Using Lateral and Posteromedial Dual Incision Approach and Dual Plating: In Jung Chae, Sang Won Park, Soon Hyuck Lee, Won Noh, Ho Joong Kim, Seung Beom Hahn; J Korean Fract Soc 2009;22(4):252-258. Published online October 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2009.22.4.252

PURPOSE
To evaluate the radiologic and clinical results of treatment of the Shatzker type 6 tibia plateau fracture using the lateral and posteromedial dual incision approach and dual plating. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve cases in eleven patients of Shatzker type 6 tibia plateau fracture which has been treated using the lateral and posteromedial dual incision approach and dual plating were analyzed with an average follow-up of 16 months. Times to union, alignment and reduction loss on radiograph and postoperative clinical outcome with checking the range of motion of the knee joint, Knee Society Score and UCLA activity scale were analyzed and evaluated. RESULTS: In all cases, bony union was obtained in an average fifteen weeks after the operation, and there was no reduction loss. The arc of motion of the knee joint at the latest follow-up was 132 degrees on average. Average of Knee Society Score was 85 and UCLA activity scale was decreased from 9.6 points preoperatively to 5.7 points postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The treatment of Shatzker type 6 tibia plateau fracture using the lateral and posteromedial dual approach and dual plating have shown clinically preferable results of excellent recovery of joint motion and good knee society score by early range of motion exercise after firm fixation. However, it was high energy injury, so the sports activity of patients was significantly decreased.

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Staged Treatment of Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fracture (Schatzker Type V or VI) Using Temporary External Fixator: Correlation between Clinical and Radiological Outcomes
Seung Min Ryu, Han Seok Yang, Oog Jin Shon
Knee Surgery and Related Research.2018; 30(3): 261. CrossRef
Medial Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis in Proximal Tibial Comminuted Fractures
Jae-Ang Sim, Kwang-Hui Kim, Yong-Seuk Lee, Sang-Jin Lee, Beom-Koo Lee
Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association.2014; 49(4): 278. CrossRef
Current Concepts in Management of Tibia Plateau Fracture
Sang Hak Lee, Kang-Il Kim
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2014; 27(3): 245. CrossRef

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Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for the Femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly Patients: Woong Kyo Jeong, Sang Won Park, Soon Hyuck Lee, Jong Hoon Park, Suk Ha Lee, Ji Hoon Kang, Gi Won Choi, Won Noh; J Korean Fract Soc 2008;21(1):8-12. Published online January 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2008.21.1.8

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To evaluate the clinical results of bipolar hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients more than 65 years of age with a femoral neck fracture.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-six bipolar hemiarthroplasties in 43 patients more than 65 years of age which could be followed more than 3 years were included in this study. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using Harris hip score, pain score and support score. The radiological results were analyzed by femoral stem loosening and bipolar cup migration.
RESULTS
The average Harris hip score was 88.7 (62~96) points. An excellent score was recorded in 34 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 2 cases. The average pain score was 39.3 points and there were no pain in 20 cases, slight pain in 17 cases, mild pain in 6 cases and moderate pain in 2 cases. The average support score was 9.6 points and 32 patients could walk without the use of any assistive devices. Two cases were converted to total hip arthroplasty due to femoral stem loosening with or without bipolar cup migration.
CONCLUSION
For the early ambulation and functional recovery of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture, bipolar hemiarthroplasty was considered as one of recommendable methods.

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Treatment of Displaced Supracondylar Fracture of the Humerus in Children: Soon Hyuck Lee, Sang Won Park, Woong Kyo Jeong, Dae Hee Lee, Soon Yong Yoo; J Korean Fract Soc 2006;19(4):460-465. Published online October 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2006.19.4.460

Abstract: PURPOSE
To evaluate the radiological and clinical outcomes after operative treatment of displaced supracondylar fractures in children with lateral K-wire fixation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
69 displaced supracondylar fractures treated by closed reduction and percutaneous lateral K-wire fixation were included in this study. Carrying angle and range of motion were measured and graded by the Flynn criteria. To assess the accuracy of the reduction, Baumann angle and lateral humerocapital angles were compared to the contralateral side, and to evaluate the stability of fixation both measurements were taken immediately postoperatively and after K-wire removal.
RESULTS
55 cases (80%) were categorized as excellent and 12 cases (17%) as good. There were no significant statistical differences in Baumann angle and lateral humerocapital angle between postoperative and K-wire removal. Although there were 9 cases that showed differences in Baumann angle and 32 cases in lateral humerocapital angle of more than 10 degrees compared to the opposite side at the immediate postoperative radiograph, 9 cases showed satisfactory clinical results.
CONCLUSION
Closed reduction and lateral K-wire fixation is considered as an acceptable modality of the treatment of displaced supracondylar fractures in children, and clinical outcome is more closely correlated with carrying angle and stability of fracture site rather than rotational deformity or hyperextension of fragment measured radiographically.

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The Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures with Dynamic Hip Screw and Trochanter Stabilizing Plate: Sang Won Park, Soon Hyuck Lee, Dae Hee Lee, Jong Won Chung, Gi Won Choi; J Korean Fract Soc 2005;18(4):359-363. Published online October 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2005.18.4.359

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
To analyze the effect of treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures with dynamic hip screw and additional trochanter stabilizing plate.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Among twenty three cases of unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated with DHS and additional TSP between January 2002 to December 2004, seventeen cases over sixty years old were reviewed with minimal follow up of one year. We analyzed the type of fracture by AO classification, the age of patient, sex, the cause of trauma in seventeen cases. We evaluated the lag screw slippage, the change of neck-shaft angle and lateral displacement of greater trochanter, the period of union by comparison of last follow up radiographs with immediate postoperative radiographs. The fixation failure is defined that displacement of lag screw tip is more than 3 mm or cut out of the screw from the femoral head.
RESULTS
The period of union was average 12.8 weeks. The lag screw slippage was average 8.22 mm. The change of neck-shaft angle was average 2.66 degree. No lateralization of greater trochanter was noted in twelve cases, but five cases showed average 0.8 mm (range: 0.5~1 mm) of lateral displacement of greater trochanter. There was not fixation failure.
CONCLUSION
In unstable intertrochanteric fracture, the addition of a TSP to the dynamic hip screw can decrease a change of neck shaft angle, a lag screw slippage, and prevent lateral displacement of greater trochanter.

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Analysis of the Causes for Failed Compression Hip Screws in Femoral Intertrochanteric Fracture and Hip Reconstruction Operation
Ui Seoung Yoon, Jin Soo Kim, Jae Sung Seo, Jong Pil Yoon, Seung Yub Baek
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2010; 23(3): 270. CrossRef

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Fixation Failure of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Femur Using Compression Hip Screw: Sang Won Park, Soon Hyuck Lee, Jong Ryoon Baek, Sung Jun Park, Jong Won Chung; J Korean Fract Soc 2005;18(1):1-5. Published online January 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2005.18.1.1

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To investigate the factors which influence on the fixation failure after the compression hip screw fixation for unstable intertrochanteric fractures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighty-two patients of unstable intertrochanteric fracture of A2 and A3 type who had underwent operation with compression hip screw were evaluated at least 1 year follow-up in regard to the age, degree of osteoporosis, fracture type, diastasis of fragment, sliding of lag screw, position of lag screw and status of reduction.
RESULTS
73 patients out of 82 patients had the union and 9 patients showed fixation failure. The results of fixation failure were 6 cases of migration of lag screw and 3 cases of cut-out of lag screw. There were statistically significant correlations between fixation failure and A2.3 and A3 type. The fixation failure group showed increased medial migration of medial cortex of proximal and distal fragment, which is significantly correlated with fixation failure. There were little statistical significant correlations between age, degree of osteoporosis, status of reduction, position of lag screw, sliding of lag screw and fixation failure.
CONCLUSION
Another alternative fixation method and technique have to be considered for unstable A2-3 or A3 type because compression hip screw fixation only is very insufficient with high failure rate.

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Factors Predisposing to Complications After Internal Fixation of Femoral Neck Fracture: Sang Won Park, Chang Yong Hur, Jong Ryoon Baek, Seong Jun Park; J Korean Soc Fract 2003;16(4):441-446. Published online October 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2003.16.4.441

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
To analyze the factors predisposing to complications after internal fixation of femoral neck fracture.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We reviewed retrospectively the results of percutaneous internal fixation of femoral neck fracture using multiple pinning, in 52 cases who were treated from Jan. 1996 to Dec. 2001. Relationship between the complications and several factors such as the age, sex, time interval from injury to operation, Garden stage, Singh index, internal fixation device and state of redction were analyzed.
RESULTS
The functional results by Lunceford criteria were excellent in 23 cases (44%), good in 15 cases (29%), fair in 2 cases (3.8%) and poor in 12 cases (23.1%). The avascular necrosis of the femoral head were occured in 14 cases (26.9%). Among these, 1 case of non-union, 2 cases of mal-union were accompanied. No stastically significant relationship between the age, sex, time interval from injury to operation, Garden stage, Singh index, internal fixation device, state of redction and complication. However, there was 4 times higher complication rate in Garden stage 3 or 4 group than its rate in Garden stage 1 (odds ratio 3.889), and 3 times higher complication rate in non-anatomical reduction group (odds ratio 3.22).
CONCLUSION
Factors predisposing to complications after internal fixation of femoral neck fracture seemed to closely relate with Garden stage and state of reduction.

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Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for the Femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly Patients
Woong-Kyo Jeong, Sang-Won Park, Soon-Hyuck Lee, Jong-Hoon Park, Suk-Ha Lee, Ji-Hoon Kang, Gi-Won Choi, Won Noh
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2008; 21(1): 8. CrossRef

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Displaced Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus in Children Treated by Percutaneous Lateral K-wire Pinning: Soon Hyuck Lee, Sang Won Park, Kwang Suk Lee, Jong Ryoon Baek, Sang Won Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 2003;16(3):392-398. Published online July 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2003.16.3.392

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
For the treatment of displaced children supracondylar fractures, closed reduction and lateral pinning were performed consecutively and their results were analyzed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
During the period from January 1997 to May 2001, all children with displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus were treated by closed reduction and lateral K-wire pinning. Among them, 44 fractures with more than 1 year follow up were selected. Carrying angle and range of motion were measured. Baumann angle and lateral humerocapital angles were measured from the anteroposterior and lateral radiograph 3 times (immediate post op, K-wire removal, last follow up).
RESULTS
Results were graded according to the criteria of Flynn et al. using both cosmetic and functional evaluation. According to the cosmetic factor, 36 cases (82%) were excellent and 8 cases (18%) were good. According to the functional factor, 39 cases (88%) were excellent and 5 cases (12%) were good. No statiscally significant differences, as seen on Baumann and humerocapital angle, between immediate post operative films and films taken at the time of K-wire removal (p=0.082, p=0.27). There was no significant differences in Baumann and humerocapital angle at the time of K-wire removal and last follow up (p=0.19, p=0.27).
CONCLUSION
Closed reduction and lateral K-wire pinning is considered as an acceptable modality of the treatment of displaced children supracondylar fractures.

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Treatment of displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children by a pin leverage technique
H.-Y. Lee, S.-J. Kim
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume.2007; 89-B(5): 646. CrossRef

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Analysis of Elbow Injuries 'pattern in Children: Soon Hyuck Lee, Jong Woong Park, Sang Won Park, Kwang Suk Lee, Dang Jae Im, Tae Ha Kim, Sang Won Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 2003;16(1):98-103. Published online January 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2003.16.1.98

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this report is to describe the pattern of elbow injuries and the incidence of the different fracture types in children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The records of 445 in-patient children treated for the elbow injuries for 5 years were reviewed and analyzed statistically.
RESULTS
The average age of 445 children was 6.7 years. The average age of boys(6.9 years) was about 1 year older than girls(5.9 years). The age group of 4 - 7 years is the majority(50%), followed by the age group of 8 - 11 years(22%). The boy to girl ratio was approximately 2:1. The male predominance changed with the age and appeared dramatically in the age group of 12-16 years( 6.7:1 ). Left elbow was injured more frequently(60%). Left side predominance was accentuated in girls compared to boys(69% vs 55%), especially in the age group of 8 - 16 years (80% vs 50%). Thirty percent of the fractures occurred during the summer, followed by 27% the autumn, 26% the spring months and 17% the winter. The most common fracture was the supracondylar fractures of the humerus(52.3%), followed by lateral condylar fractures(25.4%), olecranon fractures(5.3%), radial head fractures(4.8%), medial epicondyle fractures(4.6%), transphyseal fractures(2.8%) and Monteggia fractures(2.2%). Medial condylar fractures(1.1%) and elbow dislocation(0.8%) were rare injuries. The average age was higher in radial head fracture(10.6 years) and medial epicondylar fracture(12.4years). Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning was the method of treatment in more than half(52%). Open reduction was performed in 32%. Sixteen percent was treated by closed reduction and cast immobilization.
CONCLUSION
The incidence and pattern of elbow injuries in children, which needed operative treatment in the majority, occured closely correlated with the amount of injury prone play and the pattern of behavior during the causative accidents.

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Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures in Elderly Patients: Comparison between DHS and Additional TSP: Sang Won Park, Jong Ryoon Baek, In Seok Moon; J Korean Soc Fract 2003;16(1):9-14. Published online January 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2003.16.1.9

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare the results by only Dynamic HIP Screw(DHS) with those by DHS and additional Trochanter Stabilizing Plate(TSP) in the operative treatments of unstable intertrochanteric fractures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From January 1998 to December 2000, twenty-five cases of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the patient over 70 years old were reviewed with minimal follow up of one year. Ten cases(group I) were treated with DHS and additional TSP. Fifteen cases(group II) were treated with only DHS. The cases were analyzed according to the type of fracture by AO classification, the cause of trauma, the age of patient. We evaluated the sliding of lag screw, the change of neck-shaft angle and lateral displacement of greater trochanter by comparison of last follow up radiographs with immediate postoperative radiographs.
RESULTS
The degree of sliding of lag screws was average 8.57 mm in group I and average 14.75 mm in group II(P=0.04). The change of neck-shaft angle was average 3.81 degree in group I and average 3.93 degree in group II(P>0.05). There was a significant difference between group I(0 case) and group II(14 cases) in lateral displacements of greater trochanter. In group II, the degree of lateral displacement of greater trochanter was average 6.41 mm.
CONCLUSION
We consider that additional TSP is more effective method for reducing excessive sliding of lag screw and lateral displacement of greater trochanter than only using dynamic hip screw in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fracture.

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A Comparison of Clinical Results between Compression Hip Screw and Proximal Femoral Nail as the Treatment of AO/OTA 31-A2.2 Intertrochanteric Femoral Fractures
Phil Hyun Chung, Suk Kang, Jong Pil Kim, Young Sung Kim, Ho Min Lee, In Hwa Back, Kyeong Soo Eom
Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association.2016; 51(6): 493. CrossRef
The Comparison between ITST™ (Intertrochanteric/Subtrochanteric) & DHS (Dynamic Hip Screw) in Unstable Femur Intertrochanteric Fracture
Ho-Seung Jeon, Byung-Mun Park, Kyung-Sub Song, Hyung-Gyu Kim, Jong-Ju Yun
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2009; 22(3): 131. CrossRef

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The Angulation as to the Location of the Lag Screw of Compression Hip Screw in the Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Hip: Sang Won Park, Kwang Jun Oh, Seung Yong Wang; J Korean Soc Fract 2002;15(1):15-20. Published online January 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2002.15.1.15

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of the angulation deformity according to apposition of medial cortex and sliding mechanism as to the location of the lag screw in the intertrochanteric fracture of the Korean femur which neck-shaft angle is relatively small .
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We selected the patients those angulation of femur neck-shaft was within 5 degree in comparison with normal side, and displacement of fracture fragment was within 4mm on the immediate post-operative radiograph. According to Evans classification, all patients were type I fracture. We classified the patients in two groups -stable medial cortex apposition(Group I) was 13 cases, and unstable no apposition(Group II) was 16 cases.
RESULTS
In the Group I, the varus-valgus angulation was average 3.3 degrees when lag screw was positioned at the middle of the femur neck, average 3.6 degrees when lag screw was positioned at the inferior to the femur neck. In the Group II, the varus-valgus angulation was average 6.1 degrees when lag screw was middle of the femur neck, average 1.5 degrees when lag screw was inferior to the femur neck.
CONCLUSION
There is no difference in angulation deformity when the lag screw is inferior or middle of femur neck if medial cortex is contacted, but the angulation deformity is less when the lag screw is inferior to femur neck if medial cortex is not contacted, in intertrochanteric fracture.

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The Effectiveness of Bone Scintigraphy of Femur neck fracture: Sang Won Park, Seung Beom Han, Soon Hyuck Lee, Woong Kyo Chung, Seung Yong Wang; J Korean Soc Fract 2001;14(3):323-330. Published online July 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2001.14.3.323

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
To evaluate the effectiveness of bone scintigraphy using 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate(99mTc-MDP) for prediction of viability of femoral head in femur neck fracture that have been treated with osteosynthesis.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Thirty two patients were included in this study who underwent preoperative and postoperative bone scintigraphy using 99mTc-MDP following femur neck fracture. The uptake of istope was estimated visually as either normal or reduced compared with the opposite side. The complications as avascular necrosis and non-union were checked and compared with the preoperative and postoperative bone scintigraphy and the predictive values of positive and negative scintigraphy were calculated.
RESULTS
Among thirty-two patients, bone union occured in nineteen patients except 12 avascular necrosis and 1 non-union. Average bone union peried was 4.4 months and 50% was occured between 3 and 6 months. In seventeen patients who showed reduced isotope uptake, twelve patients developed complications and predictive value of positive scintigraphy was calculated as 0.76. In fifteen patients shown normal isotope uptake, none developed complications and predictive value of negative scintigraphy was calculated as 1.00.
CONCLUSION
Preoperative bone scintigraphy using 99mTc-MDP was useful method to evaluate the viability of femoral head following femur neck fracture and to choose the treatment modality of displaced femur neck fracture especially in elderly person.

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Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for the Femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly Patients
Woong-Kyo Jeong, Sang-Won Park, Soon-Hyuck Lee, Jong-Hoon Park, Suk-Ha Lee, Ji-Hoon Kang, Gi-Won Choi, Won Noh
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2008; 21(1): 8. CrossRef

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A Clinical Analysis of Treatment of the Fracture of the Proximal Humerus: Sang Won Park, Soon Hyuck Lee, Seung Bum Han, Byung Taek Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 2000;13(2):397-405. Published online April 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2000.13.2.397

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
: Fracture of proximal humerus is adjacent to shoulder joint which has an almost global range of motion, thus respond satisfactorily to conservative treatment, but displaced fracture needs accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. We analyzed the type of treatments and results of proximal humeral fractures MATERIALS AND METHODS : Fifty nine cases of fractures of the proximal humerus which were treated from January 1992 to February 1998 were analyzed according to Neer's classification.
RESULTS
: Among the 59 cases, 26 cases were treated conservatively, 19 cases(73.1%) had excellent or satisfactory results and 33 cases were treated operatively, 23 cases(69.7%) had excellent or satisfactory results. All one-part fractures(6 cases) were treated conservatively and had excellent or satisfactory results. but in three-part fracture(17 cases), 3 cases(42.8%) who were treated conservatively and 7 cases(70.0%) who were treated operatively had excellent or satisfactory results and no significant difference was shown according to method of operation All four-part fractures(3 cases) were treated operatively, and only 1 cases(33.3%) had satisfactory results.
CONCLUSION
: We can treat conservatively or operatively in one-part or two-part fractures but consider the percutaneous pin fixation or minimal soft tissue dissection in three-part fractures.

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The Operative Treatment of Subtrochanteric Fractures of the Femur: Sang Won Park, Young Soo Byun, Dang Jae Lim; J Korean Soc Fract 1999;12(4):818-823. Published online October 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1999.12.4.818

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
: The authort have investigated the subtrochanteric fractures, which were treated operatively using variable internal fixation devices to determine the clinical results according to the fracture types and internal fixation devices.
MATERIALS and METHODS
: We have reported 18 cases of subtrochanteric fractures, which were treated operatively using variable internal fixation devices from October, 1992 to December, 1997. fourteen cases were male and 4 cases were female. Eight cases were type I, 5 cases were type II and 5 cases were type III by Fieldings classification. Of fixation devices, 13 cases were DHS, and 5 cases were interlocking intramedullary nail. The mean duration of follow up was 1 year and 6 months.
RESULTS
The mean duration of bony union was 20.3 weeks, and there was no significant difference between fracture types or between internal fixation devices. Of the 18 cases, 4 complications(22%) were occured ; delayed union(1 case), nonunion(1 case), and varus deformity(2 cases).
CONCLUSION
: The internal fixation devices should be chosen adequately according to the fracture type in subtrochanteric fracture of the femur. Also, additional bone graft was necessary for posteromedial cortical defect to decrease complications, in cases of nail-plate devices especially.

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Treatment of Femoral Neck Fracture with Multiple Pinning: Sang Won Park, Jong Ryoon Baek, Sang Seok Han; J Korean Soc Fract 1999;12(2):220-230. Published online April 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1999.12.2.220

Abstract PDF

The incidence of femoral neck fracture is increasing because of the lengthening of human life span and a rising incidence of industrial trauma. Despite of the advance in treatment, femoral neck fracture presents poor prognosis and high rate of complications such as avascular necrosis or non- union due to anatomical consideration. It still remains one of the unsolved fracture as far as treatments and results are concerned. The purpose of this paper is to study the clinical results and factors predisposing to complication after multiple pin pixation of femoral neck fracture. The authors reviewed 50 cases of femoral neck fracture treated by multiple pin fixation at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Hospital from January 1989 to December 1996 with followed up period of more than 1 year and analyzed the relationship between the clinical results and age, degree of displacement, degree of osteoporosis, interval between onset of injury and operation, reducibility and complications. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The functional results by Lunceford criteria were excellent in 15 cases (30%), good in 13 cases(26%), fair in 9 cases(18%), and poor in 13 cases(26%) 2. Union occurred in 36 cases (72%) and the mean duration of union was 6.1 months. 3. There were 12 cases (24%) of avascular necrosis, 2 cases(4%) of non- union, 2 cases (4%) of malunion and 1 case of traumatic osteoarthritis. 4. Poor results were noted in cases of displaced fracture, osteoporotic bone under the Singh index 3, reduced in varus or valgus. Above results suggest that there was a relationship between the prognosis and bone density, degree of displacement and type of reduction, but the interval between the onset and operation within one month, and age distribution did not influence the end result.

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Comparison of Clinical Outcomes for Femoral Neck System and Cannulated Compression Screws in the Treatment of Femoral Neck Fracture
Jae Kwang Hwang, KiWon Lee, Dong-Kyo Seo, Joo-Yul Bae, Myeong-Geun Song, Hansuk Choi
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2023; 36(3): 77. CrossRef
Internal Fixation for Femoral Neck Fracture in Patients between the Ages of Twenty and Forty Years
Ui-Seoung Yoon, Jin-Soo Kim, Hak-Jin Min, Jae-Seong Seo, Jong-Pil Yoon, Joo-Young Chung
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2010; 23(1): 1. CrossRef

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Non-operative Treatment of Fracture of Distal Radius in Adults: Sang Won Park, Ki Hoon Kang, Ki Hong Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 1999;12(1):153-161. Published online January 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1999.12.1.153

Abstract PDF: The authors analysed ninety-five cases of fracture of distal radius in adults with non-operative treatment followed for more than one year at Korea University Hospital from January 1991 to December 1996 to evaluate the clinical results according to the types of fracture by Fernandez classification and the methods of non-operative treatment. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. Methods of treatment were closed reduction and cast immobilization in 51 cases(53.7%) and closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in 44 cases(46.3%). 2. In a group treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization, the results of subjective evaluation were excellent in 3.9%, good in 47.1%, fair in 45.1% and poor in 3.9%, and the results of objective evaluation were good in 42.8%, fair in 36.5%, and poor in 20.7%. 3. In a group treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, the results of subjective evaluation were excellent in 6.8%, good in 54.5%, fair in 29.5% and poor in 9.2%, and the results of objective evaluation were excellent in 15%, good in 46.6%, fair in 35%, and poor in 3.4%. 4. The results of subjective evaluation according to fracture type were excellent and good in 91.3% of type I, 42.1% of type II, and 10% of type III, and the results of objective evaluation were excellent and good in 78.3% of type I, 52.6% of type II, and 3.5% of type III. 5. The results of subjective and objective evaluation were not satisfactory in patients older than seventy years old. Above results suggest that the clinical results of non-operative treatment were not satisfactory in type III, therefore external fixation or operative treatment is recommended.

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Non-operative Treatment of Fracture of Distal Radius in Adults: Sang Won Park, Ki Hoon Kang, Ki Hong Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 1999;12(1):145-152. Published online January 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1999.12.1.145

Abstract PDF: The authors analysed ninety-five cases of fracture of distal radius in adults with non-operative treatment followed for more than one year at Korea University Hospital from January 1991 to December 1996 to evaluate the clinical results according to the types of fracture by Fernandez classification and the methods of non-operative treatment. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. Methods of treatment were closed reduction and cast immobilization in 51 cases(53.7%) and closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in 44 cases(46.3%). 2. In a group treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization, the results of subjective evaluation were excellent in 3.9%, good in 47.1%, fair in 45.1% and poor in 3.9%, and the results of objective evaluation were good in 42.8%, fair in 36.5%, and poor in 20.7%. 3. In a group treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, the results of subjective evaluation were excellent in 6.8%, good in 54.5%, fair in 29.5% and poor in 9.2%, and the results of objective evaluation were excellent in 15%, good in 46.6%, fair in 35%, and poor in 3.4%. 4. The results of subjective evaluation according to fracture type were excellent and good in 91.3% of type I, 42.1% of type II, and 10% of type III, and the results of objective evaluation were excellent and good in 78.3% of type I, 52.6% of type II, and 3.5% of type III. 5. The results of subjective and objective evaluation were not satisfactory in patients older than seventy years old. Above results suggest that the clinical results of non-operative treatment were not satisfactory in type III, therefore external fixation or operative treatment is recommended.

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The Operative Treatment of the Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Femur in Elderly Patients over 70 years old: Comparison between Survivor group and Non-survivor group: Sang Won Park, Young Soo Byun, Dong Hoon Suh, Jae Hyo Jung; J Korean Soc Fract 1998;11(4):725-731. Published online October 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1998.11.4.725

Abstract PDF: The intertrochanteric fractures of the femur are common in elderly. recently better implants and surgical techniques have improved the clinical results. But intertrochanteric fractures are still a major source of morbidity and mortality in elderly because of poor general condition and high incidence of osteoporosis. The primary goal of the treatment have been union of the fracture, but it is important to reduce the mortality rate and to return the patients to a prefracture ambulatory status. The authors analyzed the 63 intertrochanteric fractures of the femur in the elderly patients over 70 years old who had been treated at Korea University Hospital from January 1990 to December 1995 in order to determine the mortality rate and the prognostic factors associated with mortality. Also we analyzed the 44 patients in survivor group about their prefracture ambulatory ability and opst-operative ambulatory ability. The results were as follows; 1. There were 44 cases(69.8%) in survivor group and 19 cases(30.2%) in non survivor group. The mortlity rate was 20.6% at 1 year after operation. 2. Mortality was associated with the number of medical problems and interval between injury and peration. 3. The recovery of ambulatory ability was associated with the age at injury, associated medical problems, and preinjury ambulatory ability.

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Treatment of the Supracondylar and Intercondylar Fracture of the Humerus in Adults: Sang Won Park, Young Soo Byun, Ki Hoon Kang, Sang Won Han; J Korean Soc Fract 1998;11(2):378-383. Published online April 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1998.11.2.378

Abstract PDF: Supracondylar and intercondylar fracture of the adult humerus is uncommon and present a difficult management problem. The purpose of this study is to analyse the clinical results according to types of the fracture and methods of the treatment. The authors reviewed twenty-eight patients treated for supracondylar and intercondlar fracture of the adult humerus at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Hospital from January 1990 to August 1996. The mean follow up period was 41 months (12months to 79months). The results were as follows: 1. According to AO classification, there were 9 cases(32%) of Type A, and 19 cases(68%) of Type C. 2. The Methods of treatment were closed reduction and cast immobilization in 4 cases, closed reduction and fixation with K-wire or screw in 11 cases, open reduction and fixation with K-wire or screw in 7 cases and open reduction and plate fixation in 6 cases. 3. Poor results can be expected after closed reduction and cast immobilization, open fracture, above 60 years old, and Type C according to AO classification.

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Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty Inserted with Cement for the femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly Patients: Sang Won Park, Young Soo Byun, Gyou Hyouk Lee, Jong Won Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 1997;10(3):509-515. Published online July 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1997.10.3.509

Abstract PDF: Elderly patients with femoral neck fracture often have other medical diseases, poor bone quality and poor compliance which make it more difficult to obtain satisfactory results after internal fixation. Therefore, prosthetic replacement is accepted as an appropriate treatment for elderly patients. The purpose of this study was to analize clinical results of cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty in the femoral neck fractures of elderly patients. The authors analyzed thrity-seven patients with 38 fractures of the femoral neck older than 65 years of age who were treated with cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty from Jan. 1991 to Dec. 1995. The average follow-up period was three years, ranged from one to five years. The functional results were evaluated according to the criteria of the Harris hip score The results obtained were as follows : 1. The average Harris hip score was 84.6 points, ranged from 61 to 97 points. 2. The average pain score was 40.3 points. Twelve cases did not complain of pain, slight pain in 26 cases and mild pain in 2 cases. 3. The average limping gait score was 8.9 points. Twelve cases had no limping gait, slight limping in 25 cases and moderate limping in one case. 4. The average support score was 8.4 points. Seventeen cases could be walked without support, sixteen cases did use cane for long walk, two cases did use cane at full time, and three cases did use crutch. 5. Intraoperative complications were partial fracture of greater trochanter in 2 cases and one non-displaced calcar fracture. 6. Postoperative complications were heterotopic ossification in 2 cases, dislocatioin of bipolar cup with proximal migration in 1 case and ipsilateral femur fracture below the tip of femoral stem in 1 case. Above results suggest that the cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture in elderly patients appears to be a method of treatment better than internal fixation for early ambulation and functioinal recovery.

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Vascularized Fibular Graft in the Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis of Long Tubular Bone: Kwang Suk Lee, Sang Won Park, Kyung Jo Woo, Jong Won Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 1997;10(2):365-370. Published online April 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1997.10.2.365

Abstract PDF: Previous management of chronic osteomyelitis has included antibiotic therapy, radical debridement, skin-grafting, distant cross-leg flaps, and local muscle flaps. Each of these modalities of treatment has limitations. However, over the last 20 years, vascularized fibular bone grafts have proved to be a valuable method of reconstruction of skeletal defects in the extremities following both infected and uninfected skeletal nonunions unresponsive to conventional methodology. We evaluated the efficacy of vascularized fibular graft in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of long bone. From August 1988 to June 1995, fourteen cases of chronic osteomyelitis of long bone which were followed for an average of 3 years duration were treated by vascularized fibular graft at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Hospital. The results were as follows; 1. Even if the long tubular bone infection was uncontrolled, vascularized fibular graft could be performed and it was highly resistent to local infection. 2. Twelve cases (85.7%) out of a fourteen cases had primarily obtained bony union. 3. Free vascularized fibular graft is significant and reliable porcedure of bone grafting for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of long tubular bones.

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Multiple Knowles Pin Fixations of the Femoral Neck Fractures in Adults under 60 Years of Age: Sang Won Park, Kwang Suk Lee, Dae Gon Wie; J Korean Soc Fract 1996;9(4):859-868. Published online October 31, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1996.9.4.859

Abstract PDF: Femoral neck fracture is more common in elderly even by minor trauma because of osteoporosis. In young adults, though the incidence is low, have a poor prognosis because of high incidence of non-union and aseptic necrosis. The treatment method of the femur neck fracture is widely divided into internal fination and replacelnent arthroplasty But there is still contrversies present in the treatment methods. The object of this study is to observe the relationships between the clinical outcomes and the age, the degree of displacement. the type of reduction, the time of operation and the bone density in the femoral neck fractures treated with mulliple Knowles pin fitation. The authors analyzed 29 cases of femoral neck fractures in adults under 60 years of age, who were treated with multiple pih (ixation and followed up more than 1 yearduration The results obtained were as follows; 1. The union of femoral neck fracture occured in 19 cases(65.5%) among the 19 cases and the mean duration of union was 4.8 months. 2. The complications were 8 cases(21.6%) of avascular necrosis, 2 cases(6.9%) of non-union, 2 cases of malunion and 1 case of post-traumatic arthritis. 3. The functional results by Lunceford criteria were satisfactory in 17 cases (58.6%). 4. In the patient group which were no avascular necrosis and non-union showed 89.5% of satisfactory functional end result. 5. There was a relationship between the complications such as avascular necrosis and non-union, and age of the patient, bone density, degree of initial displacement and type of reduction. But the duration between the injury and operation did not influence the complication rate. According to the above results, we concluded that multiple Knowles pin fination in femoral neck fracture is simple and safe method, and one of salvaging method of femoral head in adults under 60 years of age.

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Treatment of Monteggia Fracture in Adult: Sang Won Park, Young Soo Byun, Kyoung Hwan Ha; J Korean Soc Fract 1996;9(4):1090-1095. Published online October 31, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1996.9.4.1090

Abstract PDF: Since the original description by G.Monteggia of a fracture of the ulna associated with dislocation of the radial head, attention hns been focused on the immediate recognition and treatment of this fracture. but the dislocation of the radial head is not infrequently missed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical results according to types of the fracture and methods of treatment. The authors reviewed twenty-four patients treated for Monteggia fracture at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Hospital from January 1986 to April 1995. The mean follow up period was 21 months (12 month - 37 months). The results were as follows: 1. According to Bado classification, there were 15 cases(63%) of Type 1, 3 cases(12%) of Type 2, 2 cases(8%) of Type 3, and 4 cases(17%) of Type 4. 2. The location of the ulna fracture site were proximal metaphysis in 7 cases(29%), proximal 1/3 in 15 cases(63%), and middle 1/3 in 2 cases(8%). 3. Treatment for ulna fracture were open reduction and internal fixation in 21 cases(88%), and closed reduction in 3 cases(12%). 4. Treatment for dislocated radial head were closed reduction in 20 cases(84%), open reduction in 2 cases(8%), and radial head resection in 2 cases(13%). 5. Transient palsy of posterior interosseous nerve was observed in 3 patients(13%). 6. The results by Bruce et al criteria were excellent in 7 cases(29%), good in 9 cases(38%), fair in 6 cases(25%), and poor in 2 cases(8%).

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Operative Treatment of the Supracondylar Fracture of the Fenlur: Sang Won Park, Jeong Dae Suh, Ja Sung Koo; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(4):777-783. Published online October 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.4.777

Abstract PDF: The treatment of supracondylar fractures of the femur is still evolving and the results of different methods are still incomplete and controversial. Severe soft tissue damage, comminution and intraarticular extension of fracture lead to unsatisfactory results in many cases, regardless of the adequate treatment. We reviewed 26 cases of supracondylar fractures of the femur treated by internal fixation excluding isolated condylar fracture of the femur(type B by AO classification), according to the rating system of Neer et at. with average follow up period of 19 months(range 14 months to 34 months). According to AO classification, 11 cases(42.3%) were type A and 15 cases(57.7%) were type C. Of the twenty six cases, 8 cases were treated with anatomical plate fixation, 7 cases with dynamic condylar screw, 4 cases with AO-DCP, 3 cases with angle blade plate, 2 cases with Judet plate and 2 cases with IM nail. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The average time of clinical union was 21 weeks in type A and 23.1 weeks in type C. 2. According to Neers criteria, excellent were in 5 cases, satisfactory in 12 cases and unsatisfactory in 9 cases. 3. The complications were delayed union in 5 cases, deep infection in 2 cases in open fractures, angular deformity in 11 cases, and Bimited range of motion below 90 degrees in 11 cases.

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Operative Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fractures of the Femur in Elderly Patiene: Sang Won Park, Seung Beom Hahn; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(2):332-339. Published online April 30, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.2.332

Abstract PDF: There are many problems in the treatment of the intertrochanteric fractures due to oslteoporosis and unstable pattern of fractures in elderly patients and determined by quality of the bone, geometry of the fragments, reduction of the fragments, type of the implant and its placements. The authors analysed the 52 patients of the intertrochanteric fracture over 60 years old age who were operatively treated with compression hip screws and followed more than 1 year at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Hospital from Mar. 1986 to Dec.1992 in order to evaluate the results and prognostic factors. The results obtained were as follows: 1. According to Tronzo classification, the most common type was 3 in 27 cases(52%). 2. Among the fifty two cases, the patients having osteoporosis below grade 3 of Singh index was 30 cases(58%). In osteoporotic group(Singh index 1-3), unstable type fracture were more common(70%). 3. The most common pattern of reduction was anatomical reduction in 23 cases(66%), and medialization(9 cases), varus reduction(6 cases), valses refection(3 cases) in order of frequency. 4. The sliding length of lag screw was 7.8mm in average, 16.5mm in complicated cases, and 4.1 mm in uncomplicated cases. 5. The complications were developed in 13 cases(257o), and progressive varus deformity was most common in 9 cases. The complication rate had statiscally significant correlation with type of fracture, osteoporosis, pattern of reduction and sliding length of the lag screw. 6. The prognostic factors of the intertrochanteric fractures of the femur in elderly patients were fracture type, pattern of the reduction, position of the lag screws.

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Comparative Study between Compression Plate with Screw Fixation and Interlocking Intramedullary Nailing of Tibial Shaft Fractures in Adult: Sang Won Park, Jong Hoon Park; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(1):278-283. Published online January 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.1.278

Abstract PDF: Various methods have been used in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures in adults. In recent years, generally accepted two surgical methods are compression plate with screw fixation and intramedullary nailing. The authors reviewed 73 cases of tibial shaft fractures, treated by operation in Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Hospital from June 1986 to April 1993 and minimum follow up period was one year. All cases were devided into 2 Groups, open reduction with compression plate fixation(35 cases) and closed reduction with interlocking intramedullary nailing(38 cases), and the two-groups were compared with each other. The results were as follows: 1. The average time of clinical and radiological union were 17.5 weeks & 26.3 weeks in the compression plate group and 12.3 weeks & 18.5 weeks in the interlocking intramedullary nailing group respectively. 2. Bony union rate was not influenced by the level of the tibial fracture. It was delayed especially in the comminuted fracture. 3. Two cases of delayed union, one case of superficial infection and two cases of limited range of motion occured in the compression plate group. Two cases of delayed union and one case of infection combined limited hee motion occured in the interlocking intramedullary nailing group. 4. According to our clinical study, interlocking intramedullary nailling is regarded as a better method for the management of comminuted tibial shaft fracture than compression plaate and screw fixation.

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The Operative Treatment of the Shaft Fractures of the Forearm Bone: Sang Won Park, Geol Choi; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(1):199-205. Published online January 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.1.199

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The reduction and maintenance of the disphyseal fractures of the forearm bone are difficult due to the special rotational movement between two bones. Over the years various methods of operative treatment have been advocated, and good method must be selected as the fracture level, the fracture type, and the patients general condition. From May 1988 to August 1993, the authors have reviewed 50 patients of the forearm shaft fracture except the solitary radius or ulna fracture with minimum 1 year follow up which were treated in Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Hospital. The results obtained were as follows, 1. The most common cause of injury was the traffic accident(38%) and the next was the fall down(24%). The most frequent level of the fracture was middle one-third(54%) and the most common type of the fracture was transverse fracture(64%). The treatment methods were 32 cases of the compression plate and screw fuation in the radius and ulna, and 18 cases of the compression plate and screw fixation in radius and the intramedullary nailing in ulna. 2. The average duration of the radiological union of compression plate and screw fixation of radius and ulna was 12.5 weeks in radius and 12.1 weeks in ulna, and 12.8 weeks of radius and 15.2 weeks of ulna in cases of compression plate and screw fixation of radius and intramedullary nailing of ulna. 3. According to Grace and Eversmanns evaluation, satisfactory results (Excellent and Good) were 81.5% of compression plate and screw fixation and 83.3.To of compression plate and screw fixation of radius and intramedullary nailing of ulna. 4. Postoperative complication were 2 cases of superFicial wound infection and each 1 case of transient posterior interosseous nerve injury, non-union and non-union with metal failure in compression plate and screw fixation of both radius and ulna, and 1 case of non-union in intramedullary nailing of the ulna.

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Comparison of Locking versus Dynamic Compression Plates for Treatment of Diaphyseal Forearm Fracture
Yong Chan Lee, Hong Je Kang
Journal of the Korean Society for Surgery of the Hand.2015; 20(4): 168. CrossRef

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Operative Treatment of the Humeral Shaft Fracture: Sang Won Park, Hak Yoon Kim, Yong Kyung Choi; J Korean Soc Fract 1994;7(2):648-653. Published online November 30, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1994.7.2.648

Abstract PDF: The role of internal fixation in the treatment of acute fractures of the humeral shaft remains controversial. It is generally accepted that conservative management is best for isolated closed fractures of the humeral shaft, but recently. the open reduction has been increased tendency. The authors analyzed radiological and clinical results of 54 cases of humeral shaft fracture treated with operation at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Hospital, from January 1985 to December 1992 with minimal 1 year follow up. 1. Forty cases(74%) were treated with compression plate 9 cases(74%), were treated with plate & bone graft and 5 cases(9%) were treated with lag screw. 2. Thirty two fractures healed within four months(59%) and 18 cases(33%) within 4-6 months, and average duration of union were 15.2 weeks. 3. Fifty patients(93%) recovered full range of motion of shoulder and elbow, and four patients(7%) had more than 20 degrees of limited motion. 4. The neurovascular injuries were developed in eight patients : 7 radial nerve injuries, 1 brachial plexus injury and 1 brachial artery injury. 5. There were 4 cases of complications 2 metal failure with nonunion, 1 infection and 1 transient radial nerve palsy.

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Operative Treatment of Olecranon Fracture: Sang Won Park, Chang Yong Hur, Jae Hak Shim; J Korean Soc Fract 1994;7(1):58-64. Published online May 31, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1994.7.1.58

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Most olecranon fractures are intraarticular and therefore can compromise the stability of the elbow joint. When dispaced, open reduction and internal fixation are usually requried to obtain anatomic realignment of the articular surface and restore normal elbow function. In a retrospective study of 27 patients, fractures of the olecranon with operative treatment were analyzed for relationship between the treatment result and type of fracture, treatment method, articular involvement, and postoperative step-off of articular surface from July, 1986 to September 1992 and following results were obtained. 1. There were f type I, 19 type II and 1 type III according to Mayo classification. 2. The methods of treatment were 6 cases(21%) of open reduction and medullary nailing, 16 cases(55%) of open reduction and tension band wiring, 2 cases(7%) of proximal fragment excision, and 3 cases of screw fixation 3. Clinical results were good in 13 cases(48%), 9 fair(35%), 5 poor(17%) according to the criteria by Helm et al. Radiologic results were good in 12 cases(45%), 8 fair(30%), 5 poor(19%) except 2 cases of fragment excision. 4. The most common complication was protrusion of fixation device(14 cases:52%). 5. The poor result was noted mostly in Mayo fracture type III , articular involvement more than 60%, and postoperative step-off more than 2mm.

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Treatment of Ulnar Olecranon Fracture Using Acutrak Screw
Hyungchun Kim, Kwangryul Kim, Moonsup Lim, Youngil Park, Inhwan Hwang, Jihoon Lee
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2009; 22(4): 270. CrossRef
Double Tension Band Wiring for Olecranon Fractures
Suk Kang, Chung Soo Hwang, Phil Hyun Chung, Young Sung Kim, Jin Wook Chung, Jong Pil Kim
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2008; 21(2): 130. CrossRef

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A Clinical Study of Operative Treaenent for the Ankle Fractures: Sang Won Park, Young Soe Byun, Kwang Suk Lee, Jong Woong Park, Suk Ha Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 1992;5(2):227-235. Published online November 30, 1992; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1992.5.2.227

Abstract PDF: The ankle is a complex, weight bearing joint and its injury results in a severe functional disturbance of complex anatomical characteristics. It is very important to understand the mechanism of the trauma in order to make defenite diagnosis and proper treatment. The authors analysed 92 cases(92 patients) of the ankle fractures which were operated in Orthopedic Department, Korea University Hospital from Sept. 1980 to Dec. 1991. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. Of the 92 cases, male was 61 cases(66.3%), female was 31 cases(33.7%) and average age of the patients was 39.9 years. 2. The causes of the injury were slipping down, traffic accident, sports injuries and falling down in orders. 3. Open fractures were 12 cases(13.0%) and closed fractures were 80 cases(87%). 4. The most common type of the ankle fracture was supination-external rotation type(32 cases, 34.8%) and next was pronation-external rotation type(26 cases, 28.3%), according to the classification of Lauge-Hansen. 5. The associated fractures with ankle fracture were 26 cases (28.3%). 6. The best result was supination-adduction type and the worst result was pronation dorsiflexion type, when assessed according to the criteria of Meyer. 7. There were 11 cases of complications(12.0%), in which 6 cases of traumatic arthritis, 4 cases of malunlon and 1 case of nonunion. 8. The accurate reduction and rigid internal fixation to the fracture of lateral malleolus of dlstal fibula and tibiofibular diastasis was important in the treatment of the ankle fractures.

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Clinical study of patellar fracture: Sang Won Park, Kyung Jo Woo, Young Soo Byun; J Korean Soc Fract 1991;4(1):112-118. Published online May 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1991.4.1.112

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No abstract available.

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Changes in patellar fracture characteristics: A multicenter retrospective analysis of 1596 patellar fracture cases between 2003 and 2017
Seong-Eun Byun, Jae-Ang Sim, Yong Bum Joo, Ji Wan Kim, Wonchul Choi, Young Gon Na, Oog-Jin Shon
Injury.2019; 50(12): 2287. CrossRef
Circumferential Wiring Combined with Tension Band Wiring in the Operative Treatment of Patella Fracture
Jae-Chun Sim, Sung-Sik Ha, Ki-Do Hong, Tae-Ho Kim, Min-Chul Sung
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2014; 27(1): 65. CrossRef

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