Journal of Musculoskeletal Trauma

Treatment Options of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: Yu Mi Kim, Tae Kyun Kim, Dae Moo Shim, Kyeong Hoon Lim; J Korean Fract Soc 2018;31(3):114-121. Published online July 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2018.31.3.114

This paper reviews previous studies on the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in elderly patients to determine what factors should be considered for successful treatment. In osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, the primary treatment is conservative treatments. Other treatments include osteoporosis treatment, pain control, orthosis, and physical therapy. Recently, percutaneous catheterization or balloon plasty is performed for rapid pain recovery and early ambulation. Percutaneous catheterization or balloon posterior plasty is effective in reducing pain and improving the activity ability. Surgical treatment should be considered in cases of nonunion or osteonecrosis, dent, deformation, and spinal cord compression after conservative treatment has failed. In surgical treatment, posterior spinal fixation and vertebroplasty are more advantageous in terms of the amount of bleeding, operation time compared to the anterior approach, but the most appropriate method should be selected through the patient's condition and understanding of each surgical method.

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Maigne Syndrome and Thoracolumbar Compression Fracture – An Overlooked Combination in Low Back Pain: A Case Report
Jae-Yong Shim, Myung-Hoon Shin
The Nerve.2025; 11(1): 21. CrossRef
Effects of Herbal Medicines on Bone Mineral Density Score in Osteoporosis or Osteopenia: Study Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Su Min Hong, Eun Jung Lee
Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation.2021; 31(2): 49. CrossRef
Spinal Stability Evaluation According to the Change in the Spinal Fixation Segment Based on Finite Element Analysis
Cheol-Jeong Kim, Seung Min Son, Jin-Young Heo, Chi-Seung Lee
Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea.2020; 33(3): 145. CrossRef

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Nonsurgical Treatment of a Distal Radius Fracture: When & How?: Young Ho Shin, Jun O Yoon, Jae Kwang Kim; J Korean Fract Soc 2018;31(2):71-78. Published online April 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2018.31.2.71

Abstract PDF

Distal radius fractures are a common upper extremity fracture and a considerable number of patients have a stable fracture. In the treatment of distal radius fractures, there is considerable disagreement regarding the need for a strict anatomical restoration with operation in elderly patients. Therefore, nonsurgical treatment is a still important treatment option in distal radius fractures. The radiological parameters of before or after manual reduction are important for deciding whether to perform operation or not. The radiological parameters include dorsal angulation of the articular surface, radial shortening, extent of dorsal comminution, intra-articular displacement, concomitant ulnar metaphyseal fracture, shear fracture, and fracture-dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint. In addition, clinical situations of patients, including age, activity level, underline disease, and recovery level, which the patients wish should be considered, comprehensively. For the duration of a splint or cast, three to four weeks are recommended in impacted or minimally displaced fractures and five to six weeks in displaced fractures. After reduction of the displaced fractures, patients should undergo a radiologicical examination every week to check the redisplacement or deformity of the fracture site until two or three weeks post trauma. Arm elevation is important for controlling fracture site swelling and finger exercises, including metacarpophalangeal joint motion, are needed to prevent hand stiffness. Active range of motion exercise of the wrist should be initiated immediately after removing the splint or cast.

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The Clinical Effect of Complex Korean Medical Admission Treatment in Patients with Fractures of Distal Radius by Traffic Accident: 2 Cases Series Report
Gyu-cheol Choi, Ji-won Lee, Ji-Eun Bae, Dong-jin Kim, Jeong-su Hong, Da-hyun Kyung
Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation.2021; 31(1): 187. CrossRef
The Clinical Effect of Rehabilitation Protocol for Distal Radius Fracture in Korean Medicine: A Report of 3 Cases
Won-Bae Ha, Ji-Hye Geum, Nak-Yong Koh, Jung-Han Lee
Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation.2018; 28(3): 97. CrossRef

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Percutaneous Transphyseal Intramedullary K-wire Fixation for the Diaphyseal Forearm Fractures in Children: Jung Hoei Ku, Young Chul Go, Man Jun Park; J Korean Fract Soc 2006;19(3):374-377. Published online July 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2006.19.3.374

Abstract: PURPOSE
Although the standard treatment of diaphyseal forearm fractures in children is conservative treatment with closed reduction and cast immobilization, unstable or irreducible fractures are usually needed by surgical intervention. The aim of this article is to determine the efficacy of the percutaneous transphyseal intramedullary K-wires fixation for the forearm diaphyseal fractures in children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this retrospective study, we reviewed 18 cases of forearm diaphyseal fractures in children, which were treated with percutaneous transphyseal intramedullary nailing using K-wires from January 2001 to December 2004. We analyzed the period for radiologic bone union and the complications until the last follow-up.
RESULTS
The average period of follow-up was 15 months with mean age of 7.8 years. The average time to bone union was 6.2 weeks and nonunion, malunion, radio-ulnar synostosis and refracture were not found, just 2 local pin site infections were seen but healed by conservative treatment. Postoperative scar was small and the complications until the last follow-up were not found.
CONCLUSION
In the operative treatment of the forearm diaphyseal fractures in children, we think percutaneous transphyseal intramedullary K-wire fixation is one of the effective methods because of the minimal invasiveness, simplicity and easiness in removal.

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Operative Treatment in Fracture-Dislocations of Carpometacarpal Joints: Jae Yeol Choi, Hun Kyu Shin, Kyung Mo Son, Chun Suk Ko; J Korean Fract Soc 2005;18(4):443-451. Published online October 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2005.18.4.443

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
To present our operative experiences with carpometacarpal (CMC) injuries, excluding thumb.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty four fracture and dislocations of CMC joint excluding thumb were reviewed retrospectively. Emphases were placed on injury mechanisms, anatomical location, times between diagnosis and surgery, treatment and complications.
RESULTS
The average age of patients was 31.5 years. 19 cases of axial loading by blow as an injury mechanism. The 5th CMC joint was found to be the most frequently involved single joint (18 cases of 34 cases). Dorsal dislocation of CMC joints was present in 12 cases. Comminution of the carpal or metacarpal bone was present in 18 cases. The average time to surgery was 6 days. Twenty-seven cases were operated upon by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. Seven cases were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. In the last follow up period, a clinically full hand function was restored in 31 cases. Intermittent pain was present in 6 cases in which there was grip weakness in 4 cases and limitation of motion in 3 cases. However, all cases were able to activities of daily living.
CONCLUSION
We obtained good outcomes in CMC joint injuries through the accurate diagnosis and proper operative treatment.

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Clinical Study on Percutaneous Intramedullary Bioresorbable Pin Fixation for Fourth and Fifth Metacarpal Bone Fracture
Sang Hwan Lee, Sang Hun Kim, Eun Soo Park, Seung Min Nam, Ho Seong Shin
Journal of the Korean Society for Surgery of the Hand.2017; 22(2): 105. CrossRef
Percutaneous retrograde intramedullary single wire fixation for metacarpal shaft fracture of the little finger
Soo-Hong Han, Seung-Yong Rhee, Soon-Chul Lee, Seung-Chul Han, Yoon-Sik Cha
European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology.2013; 23(8): 883. CrossRef
Operative Treatment in the Delayed Diagnosed Fracture and Dislocation of Hamatometacarpal Joint
Suk Ha Lee, Jong Wong Park, Jin Il Kim, Seoung Joon Lee
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2011; 24(3): 249. CrossRef
Comparison of Early Fixation and Late Fusion of 4, 5th Carpometacarpal Joint in the Intra-Articular Fractures of 4th and 5th Metacarpal Base
Chang Ho Yi, Jin Rok Oh
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2011; 24(1): 60. CrossRef
Percutaneous Retrograde Intramedullary Pin Fixation for Isolated Metacarpal Shaft Fracture of the Little Finger
Soo Hong Han, Hyung Ku Yoon, Dong Eun Shin, Seung Chul Han, Young Woong Kim
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2010; 23(4): 367. CrossRef
Operative Treatment of Trapezium Fractures
Ho Jung Kang, Nam Heon Seol, Man Seung Heo, Soo-Bong Hahn
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2009; 22(4): 276. CrossRef
Fracture-Dislocation of the Carpometacarpal Joint with the Fracture of Hamate
Jin Woong Yi, Whan Young Chung, Woo Suk Lee, Cheol Yong Park, Youn Moo Heo
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2008; 21(4): 297. CrossRef

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The Usefulness of Non-operative Treatment of Distal Radius Fracture in Elderly Patients: Ki Ser Kang, Han Jun Lee, Sang Hak Lee; J Korean Fract Soc 2004;17(4):345-349. Published online October 31, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2004.17.4.345

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To disclose the correlation between the functional and radiologic results of the treatment of distal radius fracture in elderly patients by non-operative versus operative treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From January 1995 to December 2000, 36 patients, more than 60 years old with fractures of distal radius were treated and followed up for more than one year. We classified them using the Fernandez classification and evaluated functional and radiological results according to the subjective point system of Cole & Obletz and objective evaluation by Scheck.
RESULTS
In functional result, excellent to good results were obtained in 12 cases (71%) in the non-operative group and 14 cases (74%) in the operative group, there were no evidence of statistical difference between two groups (p>0.05). In radiographic results, mean radial inclination, loss of radial length and volar tilt were 13degree, 12.3 mm, 7.2degrees in the non-operative goup and 5.2degrees, 5.1 mm, 3.3degrees in the operative group on last follw-up radiographs, there were evidence of statistical difference between two groups (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Operative treatment is radiographically better result in distal radius of elderly patients but functional satisfaction is not significantly related with radiographic result. When we decide the treatment of elderly patients, non-operative treatment can be useful method, considering with patient's age and activity status.

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Operative Treatment of Proximal Tibial Plateau Fractures through Lateral Submeniscal Approach: Hyug Su An, Se Ang Chang, Jun Woo Park, Jin Seok Lee, Hun Ho Bang; J Korean Fract Soc 2004;17(3):237-242. Published online July 31, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2004.17.3.237

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was conducted to evaluate the clinical results of proximal tibial plateau fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation through the lateral submeniscal approach and allowed early motion of the knee and to evaluate the effectiveness of the approach.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From January 1998 to December 2002, fifty four patients who underwent open reduction through the lateral submeniscal approach for proximal tibia plateau fracture and had a follow-up more than one year were included in this study. Clinical results were evaluated by postoperative radiographs taken at the last follow-up and Porter's assessment method.
RESULTS
Anatomical reduction was achieved under direct vision through the submeniscal approach in most of the cases in this study. The postoperative radiographs showed anatomical reduction in 32 cases (59%) and adequate reduction with displacement within 2 mm in 20 cases (37%). The clinical evaluation by Porter's assessment method revealed that 49 cases (91%) were acceptable results of excellent or good at the final follow-up CONCLUSION: This study indicates that open reduction and internal fixation through the lateral submeniscal approach can be a good option for proximal tibia plateau fractures because it allows accurate reduction of the articular fractures, which is confirmed directly during operation, identification and repair of associated soft tissue injuries are facilitated, sufficient bone graft and stable fixation of the articular fragments under direct vision allow early motion of the knee.

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Operative Treatment of Floating Shoulder: Ho Jung Kang, Gun Bo Park, Dong Joon Shim, Soo Bong Hahn, Eung Shick Kang; J Korean Fract Soc 2004;17(1):38-42. Published online January 31, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2004.17.1.38

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Conservative treatment of displaced ipsilateral compound fractures of clavicle and scapula neck or gleonoid cavity, causing a floating shoulder, cannot expect satisfactory results in all of them. We reviewed 9 operative cases of floating shoulders and analyzed the results with review of literature.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Nine patients with floating shoulders were operated from July 1996 to August 2000 were reviewed. Patient's age was in average 38.3 years old. Associated injuries were 4 cases of rib fractures and 1 case of humerus shaft fracture. Other injuries included 3 hemothorax, 2 pneumothorax, 1 brachial plexus injury, and 1 ulnar nerve injury. Operation for both clavicle and scapula fracture was done in 6 cases, and surgery was done for only clavicle in 3 cases. Internal fixation for clavicle was done with 3.5 mm AO reconstruction plate in 4 cases and Dynamic Compression Plate in 5 cases.
RESULTS
Clinical results by Hardegger method showed 7 cases of excellent, 1 case of good, and 1 case of poor. Complications include 2 cases of limitation of motion of shoulder joint and one case of residual pain.
CONCLUSION
Floating Shoulder is caused by high-energy trauma, therefore initial assessment of associated injuries should be done carefully. In evaluating the articular surface of the glenoid and positions of the fracture fragment, CT evaluation is very useful in planning the surgical treatment. Clinical results after surgery can give satisfactory results.

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The results of Operative Treatment in the Proximal Tibial Plateau Fracture: Kyung Jin Song, Keun Ho Yang, Joo Hong Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 2002;15(4):489-496. Published online October 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2002.15.4.489

Abstract PDF: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to analyze the results, prognosis and complications in the treatment of proximal tibia plateau fractures, and to suggest the guideline for the proper management in the difficult cases of tibial plateau fractures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We have analyzed 27 cases, which surgically treated during recent five years with average 36.6 months follow-up. Patients ranged in age from 24 to 83 years at the time of hospitalization, consisting of 19 males(70.4%) and 8 females(29.6%). The type of fracture by Schatzker classification revealed in type I 3 cases(11.1%), type II 1 case(3.7%), type III 0 case(0%), type IV 3 cases(11.1%), type V 1 case(3.7%) and type VI 19 cases(70.4%). The associated injury occurred in 22 cases(81.5%), most of them were ipsilateral fibular, ipsilateral femoral and radioulnar fractures. The results were evaluated by Blokker 's criteria.
RESULTS
Screw fixation was done in 4 cases(18%) and plate fixation in 23 cases(85.2%), and bone grafting was done in 10 cases(37.0%). There were 10 postoperative complications with 3 cases of knee ankyosis, 3 cases of angular deformity, 3 cases of infection, and 1 case of traumatic arthritis. According to Blokker 's criteria, 22 cases(81.5%) had satisfactory results.
CONCLUSIONS
Accurate anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation of the proximal tibial plateau fracture enabled early motion and normalization of injured soft tissues, and also provided functional improvement of the knee.

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Operative Treatment for AO Type C Supracondylar Fractures of the Distal Femur: Ho Rim Choi, Joon Min Song, Hee Kwon, Youm Gyu Ko, Jang Geun Lee, Chang Hun Yoon; J Korean Soc Fract 2002;15(2):166-172. Published online April 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2002.15.2.166

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
Treatment of supracondylar fracture of the distal femur is challenging because of its characteristic anatomy and common occurrence of severe comminution. We evaluated the clinical results of 15 cases of AO type C supracondylar fracture.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From December 1990 to November 1999, fifteen of 27 cases of AO type C supracondylar fracture of the distal femur were treated operatively. Mean follow-up period was one year and 5 months (range, 1 year-3 years and 3 months). The mean age of patients was 43.6 years. Eleven cases were treated by internal fixation and four cases by Ilizarov. Clinical results were evaluated by Schatzker and Lambert criteria.
RESULT
There were 5 excellent, 4 good, 1 fair and 1 poor results (81% satisfactory) in 11 cases treated by internal fixation and 1 excellent, 2 good, 1 fair results (75% satisfactory) in 4 cases treated by external fixation. COCLUSION: To get satisfactory results, AO type C supracondylar fracture of the distal femur need to be reduced anatomically and require rigid internal fixation. External fixation using Ilizarov can be an effective method of treatment in cases of open fracture and severe comminution with osteoporosis.

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Surgical Treatment of AO Type C Distal Femoral Fractures Using Locking Compression Plate (LCP-DF, Synthes®)
Kap-Jung Kim, Sang Ki Lee, Won-Sik Choy, Won-Cho Kwon, Do Hyun Lee
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2010; 23(1): 20. CrossRef

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Operative Treatment of Tibial Plateau Fractures - Analysis of the factors affecting to the clincal results: Byeong Yeon Seong, Wan Soo Park, Sang Yul Shin, Yuen Ki Woo, Taek Geon Lee, Man Jae Park, Seung Ki Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 2002;15(1):87-96. Published online January 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2002.15.1.87

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between variable factors and clinical results following the operative treatment of the tibial plateau fractures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The clinical and radiological analysis was performed on 29 cases of the tibial plateau fractures who had been treated with operative treatment and followed up for more than 1 year from January 1991 to December 1997. The analysis of clinical results was performed dividing into age, cause of injury, fracture type of Schatzker classification, associated soft tissue injury and method of operative treatment.
RESULTS
18 of 19 cases that were ranged of ages between 30 years and 59 years showed good clinical results as criteria of Blokker. Schatzker type II was noted 11 cases(37.9%) as most common. 13 of 14 cases of the type I,II and III, were showed good clinical results, compare to 10 of 15 cases of the type IV,Vand VI. 12 of 18 cases which were related with associated soft tissue injuries, were showed good clinical results.
CONCLUSION
We could expect good clinical results if early knee joint mobilization following open reduction and rigid internal fixation could be obtained. Factors affecting clinical results are age, type of fracture, associated soft tissue injuries. Bad clinical results were related with young age group under 30 and over 60, more than Schatzker classification type IV of high energy trauma and associated injury of anterior cruciated ligment or meniscus.

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Operative treatment of fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus in children: Ho Jung Kang, Yong Min Cheon, Kye Wook Song, Eung Shick Kang, Hui Wan Park; J Korean Soc Fract 2001;14(4):762-768. Published online October 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2001.14.4.762

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
We investigated injury mechanism, clinical feature, treatment, and prognosis in fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus in children. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From April 1997 to April 2000, 10 fractures of medial epicondyle of humerus treated by operative method and followed up for minimum 12 months were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS
The injury mechanism includes slip down with elbow outstretched in 8 case, throwing ball in one case, arm wrestling in other one case. Ulnar nerve symptom at the distal region of fracture site was noted in one case. 2 cases had elbow dislocation at the time of trauma. Fractured fragment displaced more than 5mm in 9 cases and fractured fragment incarcerated in elbow joint in one case. Open reduction and internal fixation was done with medial approach. The mean period of cast immobilization was 6 weeks postoperatively and after removal of cast, gentle exercise of range of motion was started. After operation and postoperative follow up, in all case except one, the full range of motion of elbow joint was recovered and there were no Unar nerve symptom and valgus instability in affected elbow joint.
CONCLUSION
The indication of operation for fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus is controversial, yet. We had done open reduction and internal fixation for medial epicondyle of humerus only in case of displacement of fractured fragment more than 5mm and incarceration in elbow joint after manual reduction, ulnar nerve symptom. In 90 percents of all case, the result was satisfactory.

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Operative treatment of Radial neck fractures in Children: Ho Jung Kang, Jae Hoon Jun, Kye Wook Song, Soo Bong Hahn, Eung Shick Kang; J Korean Soc Fract 2001;14(4):745-752. Published online October 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2001.14.4.745

Abstract PDF: OBJECTS: Radial neck fractures are uncommon in children, and most cases were treated by conservative treatment or manual reduction. But if proximal fragment is angulated more than 30 degrees, and displaced more than 30%, operative treatment is needed. Operative treatment is also needed in cases of closed reduction failure or in type IV of Salter-Harris classification. If open reduction is not performed, limitation of motion, altered carrying angle and radiologic change occur. We retrospectively analyzed 12 patients who had operative treatment for radial neck fractures in children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From April 1996 to December 1998, 12 patients with radial head fracture, were admitted to our hospital and were treated by operation. The average age of 9 years and 6 months (range 5 years 11 months to 14 years). Falling down was most common cause of injury. Seven cases were treated by open reduction and 5 cases by closed reduction. On open reduction group, 3 cases were fixed by Kirschner wire and 4 cases fixed by mini-screw. On closed reduction group, 3 cases were reduced percutaneously using steinmann pin, 1 case reduced using curet, and I case was fixed with Kirschner wire.
RESULTS
Ten cases were evaluated as good or excellent by criteria for judging results of radial neck fracture by Tibone and Stortz. Three cases had complication of heterotopic ossification, two cases had complication of limitation of motion. and one case had complication of pin loosening.
CONCLUSION
The operative treatment for radial neck fracture in children, improved the results of physical examination and roentgenographic evaluation. So operative treatment is needed for radial neck fracture in children which are more than 30 degrees angulation, more than 30% displacement and with displaced epiphyseal plate injury.

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Complications after treatment of tibial Non fracture: Ki Do Hong, Sung Sik Ha, Hyun Jong Cha; J Korean Soc Fract 2001;14(4):668-676. Published online October 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2001.14.4.668

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Aim of this study was to find the treatment and preventive method of the complication occurred after treatment of tibial pilon fracture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 10 cases of complication, which has required the unplanned operative treatment among 25 cases of tibial pilon fracture from 1994 to 1999 were analyzed rertrospectively according to the Ruedi-Allgower classification, open or closed fracture, isolated or polytrauma , type of complication, type of procedure, primary or delayed wound closure.
RESULTS
There were 1 type I, 3 type II, and 6 type III Ruedi-Allgower fracture type, 3 open fracture, 7 isolated and 3 polytrauma. 6 required plastic surgery procedure such as pedicle flap or full thickness skin graft and 7 required orthpaedic procedure such as osteotomy, cancellous bone graft, metal removal and currettage, debridement of ankle.
CONCLUSION
The complications after treatment of tibial pilon fracture are classified to intraoperative, early and late postoperative complication. Intraoperative complication include penetration of the joint by screw and inadequate reconstitution of the articular surface which can be avoided by taking intraoperative roetgenograms, early complication include wound necrosis which can be minimized by good soft tissue technique, late complication include nonunion, joint stiffness and posttraumatic arthritis can be treated by osteotomy, cancellous bone graft and anatomic reduction with early motion.

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Operative treatment of diaphyseal fractures of both forearm bones in adults: Eui Hwan Ahn, Sung Tae Lee, Ja Heon Koo; J Korean Soc Fract 2001;14(2):245-252. Published online April 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2001.14.2.245

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of operative methods for diaphyseal fractures of both forearm bones in adults.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty five cases with diaphyseal fractures of both forearm bones over 18 year old that are treated by operative methods from January 1994 to December 1998 were followed and analyzed. The most common age group was 3rd and 4th decade(each, 24.4%). Traffic accident was the most common cause of injuries(31.2%). Among both the radius and ulna, middle 1/3 was the most common level of fractures(60%, 57.8%). In operative methods, open redeuction and internal fixation with dynamic compression plate(D.C.P.) and screws were performed in 39 cases, closed reduction and internal fixation with Rush pin were performed in 5 cases, And another 1 case was performed with D.C.P. and Rush pin simultaneously.
RESULTS
According to simple X-ray and physical examinations, The average of bone union periods was 12.7 weeks in radius, 13.5 weeks in ulna. The range of bone union periods according to the level of fractures was from 12.4 weeks to 14.1 weeks. For the functional results assessed by Grace and Eversmann method, excellent was 48.9%, good was 35.6%, acceptable was 11.1% and unacceptable was 4.4%.
CONCLUSION
The functional result was satisfactory in 84.5%. So the operative method of diaphyseal fractures of both forearm bones, if proper operative method had been selected and meticulous surgical technique had been performed, was considered as recommendable method.

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Treatment of a Segmental Ulnar Shaft Fracture and an Olecranon Fracture
Myoung Soo Kim, Kyu Pill Moon, Hyung Joon Cho, Jung Yun Bae, Kuen Tak Suh
Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association.2010; 45(6): 496. CrossRef

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Operative Treatment with the Reconstruction Plate for the Displaced Clavicle Shaft Fracture of Adults: Ig Gon Kim, Jae Hyek Kim, Ryong Hwang, Young Ill Hong; J Korean Soc Fract 2000;13(4):941-947. Published online October 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2000.13.4.941

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to know the usefulness of bony union and faster recovery of shoulder motions by the open reduction and internal fixation with the reconstruction plate for the displaced clavicle shaft fracture of adults. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From January 1993 to December 1997, for 5 years, we analyzed 28 cases which underwent for a year of displaced clavicular shaft fracture over 11mm after open reduction and internal fixation with the reconstruction plate and supplementary iliac bone graft.
RESULT
At all 28 cases, there were united without delayed union for average 7.2 weeks after operation. Motion of the shoulder joint were returned to normal within 1.8 weeks except two cases who had combined humerus fracture and partial gastrectomy for peptic ulcer.
CONCLUSION
It seems that operative treatment with the reconstruction plate and supplementary bone graft for the displaced clavicle shaft fracture of adults showed effective union and faster recovery of shoulder motions.

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Does cerclage wiring interfere with fracture healing of osteosynthesis in comminuted midshaft clavicle fractures? A multicenter study
Hyo Jin Lee, Yong Bok Park, Chang Heon Shim, Young Min Noh
Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research.2021; 107(8): 103091. CrossRef
Anatomical Reduction of All Fracture Fragments and Fixation Using Inter-Fragmentary Screw and Plate in Comminuted and Displaced Clavicle Mid-Shaft Fracture
Kyoung Hwan Koh, Min Soo Shon, Seung Won Lee, Jong Ho Kim, Jae Chul Yoo
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2012; 25(4): 300. CrossRef
Does Interfragmentary Cerclage Wire Fixation in Clavicle Shaft Fracture Interfere the Fracture Healing?
Jae-Kwang Yum, Yong-Woon Shin, Hee-Sung Lee, Jae-Gu Park
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2011; 24(2): 138. CrossRef

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Operative Treatment of Acetabular Fractures: Jong Oh Kim, Yo Hun Yun, Dong Wook Kim, Young Do Koh, Jae Doo Yoo, Hyoung Jin Jeong, Yi Kyoung Shin; J Korean Soc Fract 2000;13(4):761-770. Published online October 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2000.13.4.761

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
We reviewed 47 cases of acetabular fractures which was treated operatively, to review the clinical results of operative treatment of acetabular fractures considering the experience of a surgeon, to assess the relationship between the quality of the operative reduction and the clinical results.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We reviewed 47 cases of acetabular fractures which was treated operatively from September 1993 to December 1999 and follow up more than 1 year. And we analyzed retrospectively the data in the aspect of the relationships between the radiologic evaluation of the reduction and the clinical results, and we reviewed the initial 20 cases as a group I and the later 27 cases as a group II to compare the differences of clinical results of the two groups.
RESULTS
In the accuracy of reduction, anatomical reductions were 4 hips in the group I and 13 in the group II, satisfactory 7 hips in the group I and 9 hips in the group II, unsatisfactory 9 hips in the group I and 5 hips in the group II. We assess the over-all clinical result with the criteria of Merle d'Aubigne and Postel. In the group I, 20 hips, the clinical result was excellent for 3 hips(15%), good for 6 hips(30%), fair for 5 hips(25%), and poor for 6(30%) hips. In the group II, 27 hips, the clinical result was excellent for 11 hips(41%), good for 8 hips(30%), fair for 5 hips(18%), and poor for 3(11%).
CONCLUSION
The accuracy of reduction was closely related to the clinical results. And the more a surgeon getting experienced, the better accurate reduction and clinical results were possible.

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Operative Treatment of Displaced Acetabular Fractures: Prognostic Significance of Accurate Reduction: Hong Geun Jung, Jong Bum Lim, Myung Ho Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 2000;13(4):713-723. Published online October 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2000.13.4.713

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate the series of displaced acetabular fractures and also to verify that the accuracy of reduction is one of the important prognostic factors for good clinical outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study is based on retrospective review on 23 patients with displaced acetabular fractures who had undertaken open reduction and internal fixation during the period of June 1st, 1994 to December 31st, 1997. Follow up evaluation of the patients was done for average 25.1 months(15-45 months). According to Letournel and Judet classification, 15 of 23 hips hips were classified as elementary types and 8 hips as complex types. Average age at operation was 43.4(22-66years) years old. Twenty one of 23 fractures were caused by traffic accidents. Twenty of 23 hips were combined with hip dislocation, 18 of which were posterior type. Twenty-one of 23 hips were operated on by single operative approach (Kocher-Langenbeck or iliofemoral approach), while 2 cases were approached by anterior and posterior approach in one stage. Functional evaluations and Radiographic evaluations for the postoperative status of 34 patients were done with the criteria by Matta.
RESULTS
Overall clinical results for 14(60.9%) hips of total 23 hips were excellent or good. According to radiographic criteria, 13(56.5%) hips were classified as excellent or good. Postoperative hip joint congruity was found in 13(56.5%) hips, 11(84.6%) of which were included in good or excellent categories of clinical as well as radiographic results.
CONCLUSION
These findings indicated that for most displaced acetabular fractures, the good results with patient satisfaction can be achieved, if the hip joint were congruous post-operatively. Therefore the accuracy of reduction was verified as very important prognostic factor for good clinical and radiographic results.

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Treatment of Clavicle Fracture : Operative vs Non-operative: Seok Whan Song, Hwa Sung Lee, Young Kyun Woo, Seung Koo Rhee, Young Yul Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 2000;13(3):544-549. Published online July 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2000.13.3.544

Abstract PDF

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare the final results of the patients of the clavicle fractures, treated with the conservative or surgical techniques.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
125 patients (over 15 years old, follow-up over 6 months) were reviewed. To measure the amount of shortening of the fractured clavicle, the length of clavicle was measured from the mid-point of the medial end to the lateral. Range of motion of shoulder, evaluation of functional results and subjective satisfaction, and complications were assessed.
RESULTS
In the surgical treatment group, the period of bony union was short and the shortening of the final length of the fractured clavicle, although there was no statistical significance, was rare. Overall satisfaction for the final result and range of motion of the shoulder were not significantly different between the groups. Complication rates were higher in the conservative treatment than in the surgical.
CONCLUSIONS
In most cases of the clavicle fracture, the operative treatment is recommended to decrease the complications, to shorten the treatment period, to satisfy the patients, and probably to decrease the economical burden.

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Progressive Brachial Plexus Palsy after Fixation of Clavicle Shaft Nonunion: A Case Report
Hong-Ki Jin, Ki Bong Park, Hyung Lae Cho, Jung-Il Kang, Wan Seok Lee
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2019; 32(2): 97. CrossRef

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Analysis of result of operative treatment for distal radius fracture: Jae Yul Choi, Kyung Chul Kim, Kyung Ho Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 2000;13(2):338-342. Published online April 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2000.13.2.338

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
: This study was performed to compare and analyze the result of operative treatment of each type of distal radius fracture.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
: From June 1995 to December 1998, operative treatment for 78 cases of distal radius fracture were performed. According to Fernandez classification of distal radius fracture, there were 31 Type III fractures, 28 Type I fractures. Mean follow up period was 23months and result was assessed according to scoring system of Sarmiento et al.
RESULT
: Excellent to good result were obtained 71.4% in Type I, 100% in Type II, 77.4% in Type III, 100% in Type IV, 50% in Type V.
CONCLUSION
: We obtained good result for Type I, II, III, IV with several operative method but complex method for Type V was not satisfactory.

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Treatment of Fractures of the Distal Radius Using Variable-Angle Volar Locking Plate
Jae-Cheon Sim, Sung-Sik Ha, Ki-Do Hong, Tae-Ho Kim, Min-Chul Sung
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2015; 28(1): 46. CrossRef
Comparison of Operative Management in Distal Radius Fractures Using 3.5 mm Versus 2.4 mm Volar Locking Compression Plates
Sung-Sik Ha, Tae-Ho Kim, Ki-Do Hong, Jae-Chun Sim, Jong Hyun Kim
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2011; 24(2): 156. CrossRef

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Operative Treatment of Avulsion Fractures of the Calcaneal Tuberosity: Ik Su Choi, Woo Il Kim, Hong Ju Ha, Jin Goo Kang, Seung Chan Ko; J Korean Soc Fract 1999;12(4):968-974. Published online October 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1999.12.4.968

Abstract PDF: Avulsion fractures of the calcaneal tuberosity are rare injuries in extraarticular fractures of the calcaneus and were resulted from a separation of a shell of the posterior portion of the os calcis due to the pull of the Achilles tendon. Importance of anatomic reduction for the restoration of functional length of Achilles tendon were emphasized by many authors in the treatment of the fractures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of operative treatment in avulsion fractures of the calcaneal tuberosity and to analyse the results in accordance with various prognostic factors. This article has reviewed a series of 6 avulsion fractures of calcaneal tuberosity, treated from March 1991 to November 1996. The results were as follows ; 1. In case of avulsion fracture of os calcaneus, open reduction and internal fixation was needed for the accurate anatomical reduction and maintenance of firm internal fixation. 2. The method of operative treatment was not significant influencing factor on the treatment result, however, it is more convenient to fix when cannulated screws were used because of the compressive effect on the fracture site. 3. Complications included superficial skin necrosis in one case, which resulted from the compression of bony fragment in case of avulsion fracture and another, wire fixation failure because of bone resorption resulted from wide soft tissue dissection.

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The Operative Treatment of Subtrochanteric Fractures of the Femur: Sang Won Park, Young Soo Byun, Dang Jae Lim; J Korean Soc Fract 1999;12(4):818-823. Published online October 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1999.12.4.818

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
: The authort have investigated the subtrochanteric fractures, which were treated operatively using variable internal fixation devices to determine the clinical results according to the fracture types and internal fixation devices.
MATERIALS and METHODS
: We have reported 18 cases of subtrochanteric fractures, which were treated operatively using variable internal fixation devices from October, 1992 to December, 1997. fourteen cases were male and 4 cases were female. Eight cases were type I, 5 cases were type II and 5 cases were type III by Fieldings classification. Of fixation devices, 13 cases were DHS, and 5 cases were interlocking intramedullary nail. The mean duration of follow up was 1 year and 6 months.
RESULTS
The mean duration of bony union was 20.3 weeks, and there was no significant difference between fracture types or between internal fixation devices. Of the 18 cases, 4 complications(22%) were occured ; delayed union(1 case), nonunion(1 case), and varus deformity(2 cases).
CONCLUSION
: The internal fixation devices should be chosen adequately according to the fracture type in subtrochanteric fracture of the femur. Also, additional bone graft was necessary for posteromedial cortical defect to decrease complications, in cases of nail-plate devices especially.

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Operative Treatment of Metacarpal Shaft Fracture: Bum Soo Kim, Sung Do Cho, Yong Sun Cho, Tae Woo Park, Hwa Chel Cheong, Soon Woo Hong, Soo Hyun Cho; J Korean Soc Fract 1999;12(3):720-726. Published online July 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1999.12.3.720

Abstract PDF

The goal of treatment of fractures of the metacarpals includes the restoration or preservation of hand function. To accomplish this goal, the physician must select a method that will offer the least soft tissue damage and accelerate the mobilization of the injured part as soon as the fracture stability permits. The majority of fractures of metacarpals can be effectively treated by nonoperative approach, but when several metacarpals are fractured, when there is open soft tissue trauma, and when there are displaced fractures that cannot be reduced or cannot maintain the reduction, internal fixation is indicated. The authors reviewed 117 cases of metacarpal shaft fractures on which the operative treatment was performed. Closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation were performed on the 62 cases, open reduction and Kirschner wire fixation were performed on the 12 cases, closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation were performed on the 16 cases, and open reduction and plate and screw fixation were performed on the 27 cases. The patient was followed up for 36 months in average. The results were evaluated on the basis of total active motion of the fingers. The results were satisfactory in 92 percent of the cases in closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation cases, 75 percent in open reduction and Kirschner wire fixation cases, 85 percents in open reduction and plate and screw fixation cases, and all the cases of the patients in the closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation cases. The closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation provided relatively stable fixation and minimal soft tissue injury, so the injured hand could be mobilized soon after the operation, and consequentely the excellent outcome was accomplished. So the authors suggest that in selected cases, the closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation can be used as one of the good treatment methods in the treatment of metacarpal fractures.

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A Comparative Study of Tensile Strength of Three Operative Fixation Techniques for Metacarpal Shaft Fractures in Adults: A Cadaver Study
Jin Rok Oh, Doo Sup Kim, Jun Seop Yeom, Sang Kyu Kang, Yun Tae Kim
Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery.2019; 11(1): 120. CrossRef
Modified Bouquet Technique for Treatment of Metacarpal Neck Fractures
Yong-Gyu Sung, Seok-Whan Song, Yoon-Min Lee
Journal of the Korean Society for Surgery of the Hand.2016; 21(3): 137. CrossRef
Antegrade Intramedullary Prebent K-wire Fixation for the 5th Metacarpal Neck Fracture
Tae-Hyung Kim, Bo Hyeon Kim, In-Ho Jung, Dong-Hyun Kim
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2011; 24(1): 67. CrossRef
Bouquet Pin Intramedullary Nail Technique of the 5th Metacarpal Neck Fractures
Myung-Ho Kim, Moon-Jib Yoo, Jong-Pil Kim, Ju-Hong Lee, Jin-Won Lee
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2007; 20(1): 64. CrossRef

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Operative Treatment of the Tibial Pilon Fractures: Suk Woong Yoon, Tae Sung Hwang, Byung Gue Park, Sang Deog Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 1999;12(3):622-631. Published online July 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1999.12.3.622

Abstract PDF: Pilon fracture which is defined as a comminuted intraarticular fracture of distal tibia has been known to be difficult to manage because high axial compression and rotational forces to the ankle joint result in impaction, severe comminution, metaphyseal disruption, and soft tissue trauma. Several authors have reported good results using an AO group treatment principle. However, others have documented less favorable results such as skin slough, wound infection, and osteomyelitis. Recently, satisfactory results were obtained by the treatment with open reduction and fixation using Ilizarov method. We reviewed and analyzed 22 cases of the pilon fracture treated by the two methods O.R.I.F. and fixation by Ilizarov method) and compared the results to find out the usefulness of fixation by Ilizarov method, from Feb. 1993 to Mar. 1997 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Red Cross Hospital. Fixation by Ilizarov method using ligamentotaxis and occasional minimal open reduction was effective for fracture reduction. It also decreased complications such as wound infection, skin necrosis, and osteomyelitis because it did not need extensive soft tissue dissection. And, it was also useful for severe comminuted fracture, open fracture, and fracture with extensive diaphyseal extension to proximal metaphysis.

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Non-operative Treatment of Fracture of Distal Radius in Adults: Sang Won Park, Ki Hoon Kang, Ki Hong Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 1999;12(1):153-161. Published online January 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1999.12.1.153

Abstract PDF: The authors analysed ninety-five cases of fracture of distal radius in adults with non-operative treatment followed for more than one year at Korea University Hospital from January 1991 to December 1996 to evaluate the clinical results according to the types of fracture by Fernandez classification and the methods of non-operative treatment. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. Methods of treatment were closed reduction and cast immobilization in 51 cases(53.7%) and closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in 44 cases(46.3%). 2. In a group treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization, the results of subjective evaluation were excellent in 3.9%, good in 47.1%, fair in 45.1% and poor in 3.9%, and the results of objective evaluation were good in 42.8%, fair in 36.5%, and poor in 20.7%. 3. In a group treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, the results of subjective evaluation were excellent in 6.8%, good in 54.5%, fair in 29.5% and poor in 9.2%, and the results of objective evaluation were excellent in 15%, good in 46.6%, fair in 35%, and poor in 3.4%. 4. The results of subjective evaluation according to fracture type were excellent and good in 91.3% of type I, 42.1% of type II, and 10% of type III, and the results of objective evaluation were excellent and good in 78.3% of type I, 52.6% of type II, and 3.5% of type III. 5. The results of subjective and objective evaluation were not satisfactory in patients older than seventy years old. Above results suggest that the clinical results of non-operative treatment were not satisfactory in type III, therefore external fixation or operative treatment is recommended.

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Non-operative Treatment of Fracture of Distal Radius in Adults: Sang Won Park, Ki Hoon Kang, Ki Hong Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 1999;12(1):145-152. Published online January 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1999.12.1.145

Abstract PDF: The authors analysed ninety-five cases of fracture of distal radius in adults with non-operative treatment followed for more than one year at Korea University Hospital from January 1991 to December 1996 to evaluate the clinical results according to the types of fracture by Fernandez classification and the methods of non-operative treatment. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. Methods of treatment were closed reduction and cast immobilization in 51 cases(53.7%) and closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in 44 cases(46.3%). 2. In a group treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization, the results of subjective evaluation were excellent in 3.9%, good in 47.1%, fair in 45.1% and poor in 3.9%, and the results of objective evaluation were good in 42.8%, fair in 36.5%, and poor in 20.7%. 3. In a group treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, the results of subjective evaluation were excellent in 6.8%, good in 54.5%, fair in 29.5% and poor in 9.2%, and the results of objective evaluation were excellent in 15%, good in 46.6%, fair in 35%, and poor in 3.4%. 4. The results of subjective evaluation according to fracture type were excellent and good in 91.3% of type I, 42.1% of type II, and 10% of type III, and the results of objective evaluation were excellent and good in 78.3% of type I, 52.6% of type II, and 3.5% of type III. 5. The results of subjective and objective evaluation were not satisfactory in patients older than seventy years old. Above results suggest that the clinical results of non-operative treatment were not satisfactory in type III, therefore external fixation or operative treatment is recommended.

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Intra-articular Fracture of the Calcaneus: Analysis of Result of Operative Treatment and Prognostic Factor: Sung Soo Chung, Jai Gon Seo, Youn Soo Park, Chong Suh Lee, Tae Kyu Hwang; J Korean Soc Fract 1998;11(4):865-872. Published online October 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1998.11.4.865

Abstract PDF: The calcaneus is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone, but the appropriate care of calcaneal fracture continue to be an unsolved dilemma. As technology in imaging has improved, operative treatment is more suggested. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of operative treatment in intra-articular calcaneal frcture and to analyse the results in accordance with various prognostic factors. We analysed retrospectively 13 patients, 17 intra-articular calcaneal fractures undergone operative treatment. Mean follow-up period was 27 months (range:13 ~ 44 months). There were 11 males and 2 females with 41 year old mean age (range:18 ~ 63 years old). Clinical assessment used the modified Creighton-Nebraska health foundation assessment sheet for fracture of the calcaneus. We obtained excellent result in 7 cases (41.2%), good in 2 cases (11.8%), fair in 7 cases (41.2%) and poor in 1 case (5.8%). Clinically age and body weight, radiologically Bohler angle, fibulo-calcaneal distance and subtalar joint discrepancy are related to the prognosis of intra-articular calcaneal fracture following operative treatment. Postoperative complications are limping (2 case), heel pain (3 cases), hump bump of calcaneus (1 case) and subtalar arthritis (1case). In conclusion, on the basis of our results, there is a relationship between anatomical abnormalities of the heel and a poor clinical outcome. Therefore, in operative treatment of intra-articular fracture of calcaneus, we recommend anatomical reduction, if possible, not only of the subtalar joint but also of the Bohler angle and fibulo-calcaneal distance.

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Operative Treatment of the Displaced Clavicle Shaft Fracture in Adult: Ig Gon Kim, Jae Hyek Kim, Chul Hyun Kim, Ryong Hwang; J Korean Soc Fract 1998;11(2):273-280. Published online April 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1998.11.2.273

Abstract PDF: Clavicle fracture is one of the most common fracture, which had been managed via conservative methods with some exceptions such as nonunion. Operative treatment had been regarded as an important cause of nonunion and poor outcome. Nowadays, however, the goal of fracture treatment has become anatomical reduction, rigid fixation and early rehabilitation for better final results. We managed 43 clavicular shaft fracture which was displaced above 11mm, with conservative treatment (23 cases) and operative treatment (20 cases) since 1990 to 1995. All patients achieved good union in both group, except 5 nonunions of conservative treatment and no significant difference in union time. By functional evaluation of shoulder by Weitzman, final results were excellent in 17, good in 2 cases, fair in 1 case with operative treatment and excellent in 12, good in 4, fair in 3 and poor in 4 cases with conservative treatment. It was concluded that early operative treatment of clavicular shaft fracture showed better result than conservative treatment, especially in displaced and comminuted ones.

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The Operative Treatment of Scapula Fracture: Joo Tae Park, Gil Yeong Ahn, Young Shik Shin, dong Keun Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 1998;11(1):41-46. Published online January 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1998.11.1.41

Abstract PDF: Fractures of the scapula are rare and those were treated conservatively, in general. But, some instances, conservative care cases remain limitation of range of motion, long standing pain and insufficiency of the muscle power. The purpose of his study is to evaluate the clinical results of the operative treatment on the scapular fracture. From May 1989 to December 1994, we treated 17 scapular fractures by the open reduction and internal fixation. We were able to follow up 14 cases, of which 11 cases(79%) had complete functional recovery. The other 3 cases (21%) had varying degree of pain, loss of mobility and weakness. Overall, however, 13 cases (93%) patients had good to excellent results.

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Treatment of Open Segmental Fracture of the Tibia: Kyeong Soon Kim, Kyu Chul Shin, Dong Hyeuk Kim, Dong Heon Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 1998;11(1):205-213. Published online January 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1998.11.1.205

Abstract PDF: Tibial segmental fractures are considered special type of lesion and pose many problems and the results often are unsatisfactory. We performed retrospective study of the 17 cases of open tibial segmental fracture which were treated from January 1990 to December 1995 and evaluated the efficacy of the external fixation and intramedullary nailing. The segmental fracture were classified according to the Melis classification and open fracture were classified according to the Gustilo-Anderson classification. After average follow-up of 16 months (range, 12 to 24 months), all of the fractures had healded except one. The results were as follows: 1. The average time of union was 22.5 weeks in the case of intramedullary nailing (Endernail; 26 weeks, Interlocking IM nailing; 21 weeks) and 31 weeks in the case of external fixation (Monofixator; 28 weeks, Ilizarov external fixator; 34 weeks). 2. Nonunion and osteomyelitis was developed in one case of Ilizarov external fixation and 5 cases of pin tract infection were also developed. Among 8 cases of external fixation group, 4 cases of delayed union and one case of malunion were developed. 3. In intramedullary nailing, delayed union was developed in 4 cases. 4. The functional results by Tile rating system were showed good in 6 cases, acceptable in 8 and poor 3. In concla\usion, intramedullary nailing provided better ressults thanexternal fixator in open segmantal tibial fractures, but we consider fixation device should be selected depending on the fracture type, degree of comminution and condition of the soft tissue.

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Results of Operative Treatment in Fracture of the Proximal Tibial Plateau: Yong yeun Kim, Dong Chul Lee, Jong Chul Ahn; J Korean Soc Fract 1997;10(4):823-831. Published online October 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1997.10.4.823

Abstract PDF

The tibial plateau fractures commonly result from high energy trauma such as traffic accidents or falls, and it is can produce the disability of the knee joint because it is frequently accompanied by the soft tissue injury such as ligaments and menisci. Even if accurate anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation with early motion can decrease the complications, recent study show unacceptable results from 20 to 40 persents of cases. We have analysed 44 cases of tibial condylar fracture which were treated with operative method at Yeungnam University Hospital from Feb. 1990 to Apr. 1996. The results were as follows : 1. The type of fracture by Schatzker classification revealed in type 17 cases(16%) type II 4 cases (9%), the III 8 cases(18%), type IV 5 cases(11%), type V 13 cases(30%), type VI 7 cases(16%), and the main causes of injury were traffic accident(35 cases;80%), and fall(6 cases). The associated injury occured in 30 cases(68%) . Half of them (57%) were ipsilateral fibular fracture in 9 cases, ipsilateral patellar fracture in 8 cases, and ipsilateral femoral fracture in 8 cases. 2. The Clinical evaluation by Hohl criteria revealed in 76.8 scores fair in average in 44 cases, those were excellent in 2 cases(5%), good in 27 cases(62%) and poor in 5 cases(11%). The Subjective evaluation of the patients were more than good in 13 cases(29%), and less than fair in 31 cases (71%). The clinical averge score according to the type of fracture by Hohl evaluation were 79 in type I, 81 in type II, 81 in type III, 74 in type IV, 84 in type V and 72 in type VI. 3. The clinical results according to the adeqacy of reduction of depressed joint surface after operation were more than good(score>80) when the anatomic or adequate reduction of joint surface were performed. 4. The most complication was limitation of motion in 11 cases(25%), the other complications showed angular deformity in 6 cases(15%), infection in 5 cases, traumatic arthritis in 5 cases, and pernoneal palsy in 4 cases.

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Second-look arthroscopy after surgical treatment of Schatzker type II plateau fractures through the lateral submeniscal approach
Han-Jun Lee, Ho-Joong Jung, Eui-Chan Chang, Jae-Sung Lee, Hyoung-Seok Jung
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery.2014; 134(4): 495. CrossRef
Dual Plate Fixation Compared with Hybrid External Fixator Application for Complex Tibial Plateau Fractures
Jae-Sung Lee, Yong-Beom Park, Han-Jun Lee
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2008; 21(2): 124. CrossRef

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Operative Treatment of the Malunited Phalangeal Neck Fractures: Ho Jung Kang, Young Gon Koh, Joong Won Ha, Eung Shick Kang; J Korean Soc Fract 1997;10(3):658-664. Published online July 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1997.10.3.658

Abstract PDF: It is generally accepted that malunited phalangeal neck fracture in hands not only limits range of motion but also accelerates the onset of degenerative changes, with increasing pain and stiffness of the affected joint. When displaced or rotated phalangeal neck fracture presents within the first or second weeks, properly performed closed or open reduction with percutaneous pinning or internal fixation is excellent options with predictable results. Malaligned fractures that present later frequently cannot be readily reduced. Once fully united, treatment options have included corrective osteotomy if function is significantly impaired or if appearance is objectionable. We have followed 9 patients, who had operations for malunited phalangeal neck fractures. The average length of follow up was 27 months. The interval between injury and operation ranged from 4 weeks to 6 years, with a mean of 21 months. Sites of operation include thumbs(3 cases), 2nd fingers(1 case), 3rd fingers(2 cases), 4th fingers(2 cases) and 5th finger(1 case). For those cases with less than 8 weeks elapsed since the injury, osteoclasis of the fracture with fixation using K-wire or pull-out was carried out. For those cases with more than 8 weeks elapsed, realignment osteotomy followed by fixation with K-wire or miniscrew was used. Parameters for the evaluation of result include range of motion to within 10 degree of full range in each joint, deviation of the fingers during active maximum flexion and extension, the minimum distance between the tip of the finger pulp and the palm, full bony union, relief of pain and the subjective cosmetlc result. Excellent and good results were noticed in 7 cases. The best results can be achieved only with near-anatomic restoration of the joint surface and early active motion exercise. In conclusion, with careful patient selection and close attention to operative detail, operative treatment of malunited phalangeal neck fracture can be effective.

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The Clinical Result of Operative Treatment of the Comminuted Patellar Fractures : A Comparison of Clinical Results According to the Operative Methods and the Postoperative Cares: Byeong Yoen Seong, Jong Hoon Lee, Seung Jun Park; J Korean Soc Fract 1997;10(3):604-613. Published online July 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1997.10.3.604

Abstract PDF: Approximately one third of patellar fractures require surgery and stellate and comminuted frachres of the patella has been increased. Operative treatment of the patella should be achieved to ensure continuity of the extensor mechanism, to preserve patellar function and reduce the incidence of complications related to articular fracture. Various techniques of internal fixation have been recommended for comminuted fracture of De patella, but there are some complications including loss of fragment position, reoperation, nonunion, loss of range of motion and loss of extensor mechanism strength. The evaluation of the clinical results in rigid fixation group which was made postoperative excercise from postoperative 2 weeks without cylinder cast application, was needed for the purpose whether or not to decrease those complications. We reported 46 cases of comminuted patellar fracture who were operated various methods with or without cylinder cast as postoperative care, from Jun 1990 to Dec 1995 at the department of orthopaedic surgery, Dongrae Bongsaeng hospital. In conculsions, rigid fixation as using Kirschner wires with modified anterior tension band and a circumferential wiring and early motion without cylinder cast for the comminuted patellar could be increased the fusion rate and range of motion and recovered function of the knee joint.

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A Operative Treatment of the Tibial Pilon Fractures : For minimize soft tissue injury: Jae Do Kang, Kwang Yul Kim, Hyung Chun Kim, Moon Sub Yim, Sang Hoon Ko; J Korean Soc Fract 1997;10(2):346-355. Published online April 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1997.10.2.346

Abstract PDF: The tibial Pilon fracture is difficult to manage because high energy axial compression and rotational forces which make severe injuries to the ankle joint, which result in impaction, severe comminution, metaphyseal disruption and soft tissue trauma. Though there are variable methods of treatment including manipulation and cast, calcaneal traction and cast, external fixation, pin and plaster, limited open reduction and external fixation, open reduction and internal fixation and arthrodesis, most of authors reported better result after a surgical treatment than that of conservative treatment. While there is no doubt that the treatment of ankle joint injuries is much improved today, complications are still very common for many reasons. We have reviewed the 19 cases of the tibial plafond fractures on 18 patients which were treated at orthopedic department, Walles Memorial Baptist Hospital, from March 1991 to February 1995. The results were as follows . 1. There were so much combined injuries that physician must evaluate other injury such as spinal compression fracture. 2. The most frequent type of pilon fracture was type 3, the 2nd was type 5 by Ovadia and Beals classification. 3. Regardless of the treatment method, type 1 and 2 were excellent subjective result by Ovadia and Beals subjective evaluation classificatioin, but in case of type 3, 4 we could get a good and excellent result by anatomical open reduction and internal fixation. 4. We could reduce complications of the postoperative wound infection and skin necrosis by posteromedial and posterolateral approach after skeletal traction and manual reduction for more than one week.

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Operative Treatment of the Tibial Condylar Fracture: Yong Man Cho, Kun Yung Lee, Myung Sik Park, Cheon Dong Lee, Heung Sik Kang, Gue Cherl Cho; J Korean Soc Fract 1997;10(1):44-52. Published online January 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1997.10.1.44

Abstract PDF: The tibial condylar fracture which involves articular surface of the proximal tibia is common in pedestrian injury of the traffic accident and often produces some disability of the knee joint because of the frequent association with ligamentous and meniscal injuries. Methods of treatment in fracture of the tibial condyles has long been a controversial problems. Recently most authors agree that the method of treatment has to be selected in each individual case and anatomical reduction of fracture and early knee motion are recommended but unsatisfactory results has been reported as between 20% and 40%. The authors analyzed 38 cases of the tibial condylar fractures, which were treated at the orthopedic department of the Lee-Rha general Hospital from 1990 to 1994, regarding its type, treatment and results. The results of this study were as follows. 1. According to Schatzker classification : the most common fracture was type II. 2. According to BloDers criteria, 28 cases showed satisfactory results(74%). 3. Postoperatively, early knee joint exercise like alternatively applying 90(knee flexion and extension splint were very important factors for good results).

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The Operative Treatment of Displaced Waist Fracture of Scaphoid: Kun Yung Lee, Young Kee Lee, Yong Man Cho, Heung Sik Kang, Cheon Dong Lee, Sang Su Oh; J Korean Soc Fract 1997;10(1):164-170. Published online January 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1997.10.1.164

Abstract PDF: The authors surveyed the clinical study of 17 cases of scaphoid fractures from March 1989 to September 1994 with minimal 1 year follow up at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lee-Rha general Hospital. The following conclusions were obtained through clinical survey. 1. Of all 17 cases, they were 13 males and 4 females; Among the 13 males, 10 cases were aged between 20 and 39 years, forming 58.8% of all. 2. All 17 cases were treated by open reduction. Unions were obtained at average 11.5 weeks in 7 cases treated with Herbert screw fixation and 12 weeks in 10 cases treated with K-wire fixation. 3. Two of ten K-wire treated cases resulted in delayed union, one of seven Herbert screw treated cases resulted in delayed union. 4. Unions were obtained at average 20 weeks in 3 cases of delayed union. We concluded that open reduction and K-wire fixation were recomanded for the compatible treatment method of displaced waist fracture of scaphoid.

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Usefulness of Miniplate Fixation for the Fractures of Metacarpal and Phalangeal Bones of the Hand: Ig Gon Kim, Jae Hyek Kim, Chul Hyun Kim, Chul Hong Park; J Korean Soc Fract 1997;10(1):156-163. Published online January 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1997.10.1.156

Abstract PDF: Before the introduction of internal fixation, the healing of a fracture was an unpredictable event. Internal fixation provides stability, and fractures heal predictably. The miniplate is used for unstable metacarpal and phalangeal fractures of the hand to provide stability and to allow early motion. We analysed 32 patients, 41 cases of metacarpal and phalangeal fractures of the hand which were treated with miniplates from Jan. 1990 to June 1995. The following results were obtained. 1. Mean age was 35 years and the male was predominent(81.3%). The most common fracture site was the metacarpal(51.2%). 2. TAM(total active motion) was 2240 in average and the best result was obtained in the metacarpal fractures(TAM = 239). The roentgenographic union was 16.8 weeks in average. 3. There were 6 complications(complication rate 14.6%) which were 3 cases of joint stiffness, a case of wound infection, a case of loss of reduction, and a case of delayed union. 4. Miniplate fixation is considered to be an useful method to get fracture union and good range of motion with low complication rate in the treatment of metacarpal and phalangeal fractures of the hand.

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Operative Treatment of Elbow Fractures and Dislocations in Adults: Sang Ho HA, Sang Hong Lee, Dong Min Shin, Young Bae Pyo, Pan Ok Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 1997;10(1):119-126. Published online January 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1997.10.1.119

Abstract PDF: The elbow is highly constrained and stable joints in the body, but dislocation is not uncommon due to trauma such as traffic accident and sports injury. The relative incidence of associated fractures in previously reported series of elbow dislocations has ranged from 12% to 62%. Post-traumatic sequelae of the elbow fractures and dislocations are joint stiffness, nerve injury, non-union and heteroDopic ossification. Operative procedures for repair and reconstruction of the injured elbow are technically demanding and require careful planning. Because of the proximity of crucial neurovascular structures, a thorough knowledge of the anatomy and extensile exposure is essential. Thirteen adult patients with elbow dislocation associated with fractures about the elbow from June 1990 to June 1995 who had taken operative treatment were studied. The results were as follows ; 1. Most common direction of dislocation is posterior(8 cases) and most common associated fracture is radial head & neck fracture(7 cases). 2. Most common and disabling complication is limitation of motion(7 cases). 3. By the Mehlhoffs criteria, with regard to limitation of motion, pain, instability and neurovascular deficit, relatively good results are obtained at 9 cases(69%). 4. For better functional results, early reduction of dislocation, stable fixation of fracture and early motion is essential option in the management of elbow fractures and dislocations.

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A Operative treatment of the three-part, four-part Fracture and Fracture dislocation in proximal humerus: Young Su Lee, Min Ki Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 1997;10(1):112-118. Published online January 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1997.10.1.112

Abstract PDF: The three part, four part fracture and fracture-dislocation of proximal humerus generally need operative treatment but treatment of these fractures has remained controversal. The purpose of this study is to analyze the result of operative treatment of three-part, four-part fracture and fracture dislocation in proximal humerus. From Jan 1990 to July 1995, Eleven patiens were reviewed and the result were summerized as follows. 1. There were 4 three-part fracture, 1 four-part fracture, 4 three-part fracture-dislocation, 1 head-spliting fracture, 1 impression fracture. 2. Open reduction and internal fixation was done in 7 cases, prothetic replacement was done in 4 cases. 3. The result were analyzed accroding to scoring system of Neer. 1) The excellent or satisfactory result were seen in 5 cases of three part fracture and fracture-dislocation, but in none case of four-part fracture. 2) The excellent or satisfactory result were seen in 3 cases with open reduction and internal fixation, and in 3 cases with prothetic replacement. 4. Among the cases with joint disability(5), there are 1 three-part fracture-dislocation, 1 head-spliting, 2 three-part fracture, 1 four-part fracture. 5. The rigid fixation and early mobilization is considered to be a good modality.

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Operative Treatment of Patellar Fracutres: Eun Kyoo Song, Dae Ik Kim, Hyung Seog Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 1996;9(3):640-646. Published online July 31, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1996.9.3.640

Abstract PDF: Patella has important roles to enhance extensor mechanism of knee, therefore patellar fractures should be treated correctly according to the type and displacement of fractures for the preservation of patellar function. The purpose of study is to analyse the clinical results of operative treatment for patellar fractures. 77 cases of patellar fracture which were treated at Chonnam University Hospital between June 1985 and March 1995 were reveiwed. Among them, 32 cases with open reduction and internal fixation were included in this study. The mean follow-up period was 21.5 months(range twelve to eighty two months). Oircurnferential wiring, modified tension band wiring, malleolar screws and combination of circlage and tension band wiring were used as a fixatives. The clinical results were compared according to Reileys clinical evaluation criteria mainly by range of motions, mid-thigh circumferential difference. The most favorable results could be obtained with the combination of circlage and tension band wiring.

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Operative Treatment of the Fracture of Patella: Kyu Yeol Lee, Hyung Hwan Lee, Sung Soo Kim, Sung Keun Sohn; J Korean Soc Fract 1996;9(3):622-630. Published online July 31, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1996.9.3.622

Abstract PDF: The patella, the largest human sesamoid bone, is important functional component of the knee extensor mechanism and its treatment is considered to be very important because the fracture involvement to the articular surface occures in most of the cases. We report 40 cases of fractures of patella treated with operative methods from January 1990 to June 1995 at the department of orthopaedic surgery, Dong-A university hospital. The results are as follows. 1. Among 40 cases, 29 cases were male and 24 cases were belong to 3rd decade and 4th decade. 2. The most common cause of injury was slip down or fall down. 3. The pattenrs of fracture were transeverse in 21 cases, vertical in 2 and comminuted in 17. 4. The methods of surgical treatment were modified tension band wiring in 33 cases, circumferential wiring in 2, partial patellectomy in 4 and total patellectomy in 1. 5. In patient treated with modified tension band wiring, range of motion of the knee was 128 and mean duration of bone union was 9.2 weeks. 6. Complications were limitation of range of motion in 3 cases, refracture by slip down in 1 case and wire migration in 1 case.

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Operative Treatment of the Tibial Condylar Fracture: Kyung Chul Kim, Jae Yeul Choi, Joon Sik Kim, Young Soo Jhe, Sang Yuon Woo; J Korean Soc Fract 1996;9(2):431-438. Published online April 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1996.9.2.431

Abstract PDF: The tibial condylar fractures often produce disabilities of the knee joint because it is frequently accompanied by injuries of the ligaments and the menisci. Schatzker had reported that the most common type of the tibial condylar fracture was pure central depression, but we have obtained the result that the most common one of these fractures is cleavage combined with depression and satisfactory outcome. We have analyzed 28 cases of the tibial condylar fractures treated by operative method at the department of the orthopaedic surgery, Kangbuk Samsung hospital from Jan. 1990 to May 1994. We obtained the results as follows; 1. Males were predominant and the patients mean age was 42 years. 2. The most common cause of injuries was pedestrian traffic accident. 3. The most common fracture type according to Schatzkers classification was type II, which was different from the result of Schatzker. 4. We have obtained 68% of acceptable results bu Porters criteria.

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Operative Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fractures in Elderly Patients oyer 65 Years old: Ju Chul Chung, Jae Yul Koh, Sung Jun Lee, Eun Jun Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 1996;9(2):392-400. Published online April 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1996.9.2.392

Abstract PDF: The incidence of intertrochanteric fracture of femur is much higher than past because of recent prolongation of average life span and increased activity. The goal of treatment of an intertrochanteric fracture must be restoration of the patient to his or her preoperative status at the earliest possible time. The authors analysed the 51 patients of the intertrochanteric fracture over 65 years old age who were operatively treated from Jan. 1989 to Dec. 1994. The results obtained were as follows 1. According to Tronzo classiffication, the most common type was type 3 in 3B cases (61%), and according to Evans classification, unstable fracture were more common (65%). 2. The degree of osteoporosis by Singh index were 27 cases (53%) in Grade III, 15 cases (29%) in Grade II, 7 cases (14%) in Grade IV, and 2 cases (4%) in Grade V. The osteoporotic group (Singh index I, II, III) had statistically significant correlation with unstable type fracture. 3. The patterns of reduction were anatomical reduction in 33 cases (66%), and valgus reduction (9 cases ; 18%), varus reduction (6 cases ; 12%), medialization (2 cases ,4%). 4. The mean union time was 14.1 weeks on compression hip screw group, and 15.7 weeks on Ender nail group, 15.4 weeks on Gamma nail group, 16.2 weeks on multiple pinning gloup. The authors couldnt find significant difference among the each groups. 5. Postoperative complications were occurred in 23 cases(45%) and more frequently in unstable type fracture(19 cases).

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Operative Treatment of the Supracondylar Fracture of the Fenlur: Sang Won Park, Jeong Dae Suh, Ja Sung Koo; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(4):777-783. Published online October 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.4.777

Abstract PDF: The treatment of supracondylar fractures of the femur is still evolving and the results of different methods are still incomplete and controversial. Severe soft tissue damage, comminution and intraarticular extension of fracture lead to unsatisfactory results in many cases, regardless of the adequate treatment. We reviewed 26 cases of supracondylar fractures of the femur treated by internal fixation excluding isolated condylar fracture of the femur(type B by AO classification), according to the rating system of Neer et at. with average follow up period of 19 months(range 14 months to 34 months). According to AO classification, 11 cases(42.3%) were type A and 15 cases(57.7%) were type C. Of the twenty six cases, 8 cases were treated with anatomical plate fixation, 7 cases with dynamic condylar screw, 4 cases with AO-DCP, 3 cases with angle blade plate, 2 cases with Judet plate and 2 cases with IM nail. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The average time of clinical union was 21 weeks in type A and 23.1 weeks in type C. 2. According to Neers criteria, excellent were in 5 cases, satisfactory in 12 cases and unsatisfactory in 9 cases. 3. The complications were delayed union in 5 cases, deep infection in 2 cases in open fractures, angular deformity in 11 cases, and Bimited range of motion below 90 degrees in 11 cases.

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Operative Treatment of Subtrochonteric Fractures of the Femur: Sang Ho Ha, Sang Hong Lee, Young Bae Pyo, Yong Hyun Jeon; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):513-520. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.513

Abstract PDF

The reduction and maintenance of subtrochanteric fractures are difficult because most of these fractures are comminuted due to high velocity trauma. Although various devices of internal fixation have been developed to solve these problems, selecting the appropriate fixation device for different fracture types is difficult. Subtrochanteric fractures were treated operatively and analysed at Chosun University hospital from Jan.1985 to Dec.1991 and the following results were obtained. The most common type of fracture was type II a by Seinsheimer classification(11 cases,28.9%) The bone union rate was 81.8% in plate fixation group and 87.5% in intramedullary group. Of the 38 cases, 9 complications occured. From this study, it was concluded that intramedullary nailing is beneficial in subtrochanteric fractures associated with medial cortical comminution. Also, when plating was performed massive bone grafting & external support were required.

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On the role of the pre-ionization mechanism in the optical breakdown of molecular oxygen induced by CO2 laser: Numerical investigation
Yosr E. E.-D. Gamal, O. Aied Nassef, A. S. Salama
Physics of Plasmas.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Treatment of the Clavicle Fracture: Kwang Suk Lee, Jung Ho Park, Geol Choi; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):461-466. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.461

Abstract PDF: The clavicular fractures occur frequently and are treated conservatively, usually. But things are trending toward operative treatment in displaced cases due to nonunion. From June 1984 to November 1993, 153 patients(156 cases) among 297 patients with the clavicular fractures were analysed at Department of orthopedic surgery, Korea university hospital. The brief summary of the observations are as follows: 1. among 156 cases, the right side were 72 cases, the left side were 84 cases and both were 3 patients. The most common cause of injury was the the traffic accident and the most frequent site of the fracture was middle one-third. 2. According to the Allmans classification, the fractures were classified in three groups. Group Iwere 113 cases, Group II were 28 cases and Croup III were 15 cases and the average age of each groups were individually 28.7 yeara,35.4 years and 41.4 years respectively. 3. The average duration of the radiological union of the conservative treatment were 9.8 weeks in Group I ,9.7 weeks in Group II and 10.3 weeks in Group III. And of the operative treatment were 10.1 weeks in Group I , 10.1 weeks in Group II and 9.9 weeks in Group III Any difference between the conservative and the operative treatment was not observed. 4. The complications were nonunion in 2 cases, delayed union in 2 cases and refracture in 1 case after conservative treatment, and nonunion in 2 cases, delayed union in 1 case, refracture in 1 case and superficial wound infection in 1 case after operative treatment.

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Operative Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fractures of the Femur in Elderly Patiene: Sang Won Park, Seung Beom Hahn; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(2):332-339. Published online April 30, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.2.332

Abstract PDF: There are many problems in the treatment of the intertrochanteric fractures due to oslteoporosis and unstable pattern of fractures in elderly patients and determined by quality of the bone, geometry of the fragments, reduction of the fragments, type of the implant and its placements. The authors analysed the 52 patients of the intertrochanteric fracture over 60 years old age who were operatively treated with compression hip screws and followed more than 1 year at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Hospital from Mar. 1986 to Dec.1992 in order to evaluate the results and prognostic factors. The results obtained were as follows: 1. According to Tronzo classification, the most common type was 3 in 27 cases(52%). 2. Among the fifty two cases, the patients having osteoporosis below grade 3 of Singh index was 30 cases(58%). In osteoporotic group(Singh index 1-3), unstable type fracture were more common(70%). 3. The most common pattern of reduction was anatomical reduction in 23 cases(66%), and medialization(9 cases), varus reduction(6 cases), valses refection(3 cases) in order of frequency. 4. The sliding length of lag screw was 7.8mm in average, 16.5mm in complicated cases, and 4.1 mm in uncomplicated cases. 5. The complications were developed in 13 cases(257o), and progressive varus deformity was most common in 9 cases. The complication rate had statiscally significant correlation with type of fracture, osteoporosis, pattern of reduction and sliding length of the lag screw. 6. The prognostic factors of the intertrochanteric fractures of the femur in elderly patients were fracture type, pattern of the reduction, position of the lag screws.

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Operative Treatment of Olecranon Fracture: Sang Won Park, Chang Yong Hur, Jae Hak Shim; J Korean Soc Fract 1994;7(1):58-64. Published online May 31, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1994.7.1.58

Abstract PDF

Most olecranon fractures are intraarticular and therefore can compromise the stability of the elbow joint. When dispaced, open reduction and internal fixation are usually requried to obtain anatomic realignment of the articular surface and restore normal elbow function. In a retrospective study of 27 patients, fractures of the olecranon with operative treatment were analyzed for relationship between the treatment result and type of fracture, treatment method, articular involvement, and postoperative step-off of articular surface from July, 1986 to September 1992 and following results were obtained. 1. There were f type I, 19 type II and 1 type III according to Mayo classification. 2. The methods of treatment were 6 cases(21%) of open reduction and medullary nailing, 16 cases(55%) of open reduction and tension band wiring, 2 cases(7%) of proximal fragment excision, and 3 cases of screw fixation 3. Clinical results were good in 13 cases(48%), 9 fair(35%), 5 poor(17%) according to the criteria by Helm et al. Radiologic results were good in 12 cases(45%), 8 fair(30%), 5 poor(19%) except 2 cases of fragment excision. 4. The most common complication was protrusion of fixation device(14 cases:52%). 5. The poor result was noted mostly in Mayo fracture type III , articular involvement more than 60%, and postoperative step-off more than 2mm.

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Treatment of Ulnar Olecranon Fracture Using Acutrak Screw
Hyungchun Kim, Kwangryul Kim, Moonsup Lim, Youngil Park, Inhwan Hwang, Jihoon Lee
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2009; 22(4): 270. CrossRef
Double Tension Band Wiring for Olecranon Fractures
Suk Kang, Chung Soo Hwang, Phil Hyun Chung, Young Sung Kim, Jin Wook Chung, Jong Pil Kim
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2008; 21(2): 130. CrossRef

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A clinical study of acromioclavicular separation treated withoperative method: Yong Chan Lim, Jong Oh Kim, Taek Keun Ahn, Taek Sun Kim, Jae Ik Shim; J Korean Soc Fract 1992;5(1):7-13. Published online May 31, 1992; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1992.5.1.7

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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Operative treatment for acetabular fractures: Heui Jeon Park, Jae In Ahn, Hwa Seop Yim; J Korean Soc Fract 1991;4(2):258-266. Published online November 30, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1991.4.2.258

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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Operative Treatment of Ankle Fractures: Sang Ho Ha, Sang Hong Lee, Dong Min Shin, Young Ju Chung, Keun Ho Park; J Korean Soc Fract 1990;3(1):34-39. Published online May 31, 1990; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1990.3.1.34

Abstract PDF: The ankle is the most congrous joint in the lower extremity, bearing up to five times the body weight. Many clinical studies of ankle fractures have proven that good results depend upon an antomic reduction of the fracture. There remains, however, controversy as to the best method of obtaining this goal. More recently there has been interest in anatomic reduction & authors analysed 58 cases of ankle fractures treated operatively at Chosun University Hospital from january 1981 to December 1988. 1. The result of treatment was good or exellent in 49 cases(84.5%) of clinical results in 51 cases(87.9%) of radiological result, according to the criteria of Meyer. 2. Operative treatment affords the most predictable way to carry out an absolutely anatomic reduction of fractures & a low complication rate. 3. Most of the unsatisfactory group were severe displacement, commivuted fracture due to high violence.

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