Journal of Musculoskeletal Trauma

Usefulness of the Additional K-Wire Fixation and Suture for Reinforce the Treatment of Distal Clavicle Fracture Using Modified Tension Band Wiring: Seung Bum Chae, Chang Hyuk Choi, Dong Young Kim; J Korean Fract Soc 2016;29(2):107-113. Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2016.29.2.107

PURPOSE
We attempted to evaluate the clinical results of modified tension band wiring (MTBW) with additional K-wire fixation and suture for distal clavicle fracture.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty-nine patients with a distal clavicle fracture from May 2009 to December 2013 treated with MTBW were enrolled in this study. Their fracture types were type 2, 12; and type 3, 33; type 4, 8; and type 5, 6 according to Craig classification group II; average age was 47.2 years with a mean follow-up period of 27.9 months. The operations were performed within a mean of 3.1 days a fter t rauma. The c linical results were evaluated u sing University of California at Los Angeles scores (UCLA), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (ASES) and Korean Shoulder Society scores (KSS) at 1 year after surgery.
RESULTS
Radiographic bone union was achieved at a mean of 3.7 months after the operation. In the last observation, their range of motion was forward flexion 159.0Â°, external rotation 59.8Â°, and internal rotation 4.3 points, and there were 2 cases of nonunion. Each average functional score was UCLA 31.3 points, KSS 91.6 points, and ASES 93.0 points.
CONCLUSION
For the surgical treatment of distal clavicle fractures, MTBW with additional K-wire fixation and suture is a useful technique allowing early range of motion exercises, minimizing soft tissue damage, and preserving the acromio-clavicular joint.

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Treatment Results for Unstable Distal Clavicle Fractures Using Hybrid Fixations with Finger Trap Wire and Plate
Jeong-Seok Yu, Bong-Seok Yang, Byeong-Mun Park, O-Sang Kwon
Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association.2022; 57(2): 135. CrossRef
Comparison of Locking Compression Plate Superior Anterior Clavicle Plate with Suture Augmentation and Hook Plate for Treatment of Distal Clavicle Fractures
Jun-Cheol Choi, Woo-Suk Song, Woo-Sung Kim, Jeong-Muk Kim, Chan-Woong Byun
Archives of Hand and Microsurgery.2017; 22(4): 247. CrossRef

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Comparison study between valgus and varus type in Neer 's 3 and 4 part proximal humerus fracture: Chang Hyuk Choi, Koing Woo Kwon, Shin Kun Kim, Sang Wook Lee, Dong Kyu Shin, Seung Jin Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 2002;15(4):558-565. Published online October 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2002.15.4.558

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
We reclassified three- and four-part proximal humerus fractures by Neer ' s classification into valgus & varus type, and compared the results of these groups. MATERIALS & METHODS: 21 cases classified as three- and four-part fracture in Neer 's classification were treated surgically and followed for 12 months. We reclassfied the 21cases valgus and varus type fractures, according to angulation of fractures, facing of humeral head, and dominant displaced tuberosity. Functional evaluation was done by UCLA shoulder rating scale.
RESULTS
Neer 's three- and four-part proximal humerus fractures could be reclassified based on angulation, facing of humeral head, and dominant tuberosity displacement. The functional results according to UCLA shoulder rating scale were good or excellant in 8 of 9 cases of valgus type(89%), and at 4 in 10 cases of varus type(40%). The clinical result of the valgus type was better than that of the varus type.
CONCLUSION
Based on reclassification system of proximal humerus fractures, clinical results and radiographic findings including angulation, facing of head, and dominant tuberosity displacement showed close relationship. Neurovascular complication were more frequent in the varus type. Therefore, careful evaluation including surgical approach and soft tissue status should be considered in the varus type of complex proximal humerus fracture.

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Proximal Femoral Nail(PFN) for Femur Intertrochanteric Fracture: Dong Kyu Shin, Koing Woo Kwun, Shin Kun Kim, Sang Wook Lee, Chang Hyuk Choi, Kyung Min Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 2002;15(3):328-335. Published online July 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2002.15.3.328

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This prospective study was performed to evaluate the usefulness and the risk of the Proximal Femoral Nail(PFN) for internal fixation of the femur intertrochanteric fracture.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
We operated 26 consecutive intertrochanteric fracture patients with PFN from June 2000 to May 2001 and analysed the operation time, bleeding loss, union rate, union time, failure of fixation and complications. We also evaluated the clinical result with the recovery of ambulatory function and functional recovery score.
RESULTS
Mean operation time was 72 minutes and mean transfusion amount was 0.54 unit. 24 cases progressed to union until 4 months uneventfully and remaining 2 cases also progressed to union within 6months without further operation. There was no failure of fixation. Mean fracture site impaction was 4.4mm and among the 11 unstably reduced cases 3 showed overimpaction(> 10mm). Clinically mean loss of ambulation ability was 1.4 grade. Last follow Skovoron functional recovery score was 72.2. We removed laterally protruded hip pin and femur neck screws in two cases because of irritation on the lateral trochanteric area skin. But there was no significant complications such as intraoperative or postoperative fractures and femoral head cut out.
CONCLUSION
The findings from this study indicate that, compared with other methods, PFN is useful and reliable choice for the femur intertrochanteric fracture treatment in the terms of less complications and equal or better results.

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GS Hip Nail versus Affixus Hip Fracture Nail for the Intramedullary Nailing of Intertrochanteric Fractures
Seungcheol Kwon, Minjae Lee, Heeyeon Lee, Jihyo Hwang
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(21): 6720. CrossRef
Treatment of the Proximal Femoral Fracture Using the New Design Cephalomedullary Nail: Prospective Outcomes Study
Young Ho Roh, Joseph Rho, Kwang Woo Nam
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2019; 32(1): 35. CrossRef
Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fractures Using the Compression Hip Nail
Je-Min Yi, Kye Young Han, Keun Woo Kim, Chang Hyun Ryu
Hip & Pelvis.2014; 26(3): 166. CrossRef
Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture Treated with ITST: A Comparative Study between Groups with and without Comminution of Greater Trochanter
Kyung-Sub Song, Sang-Ho Lee, Seong-Hun Jeong, Su-Keon Lee, Sung-Ha Hong
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2014; 27(1): 36. CrossRef
Treatment of Unstable Pertrochanteric Fractures with a Long Intramedullary Nail
Phil Hyun Chung, Suk Kang, Jong Pil Kim, Young Sung Kim, Ho Min Lee, Dae Jung Huh
Hip & Pelvis.2013; 25(1): 51. CrossRef
Comparative Study of Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation and Zimmer Natural Nail for the Treatment of Stable Intertrochanteric Fractures
Jee-Hoon Kim, Oog-Jin Shon
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2013; 26(4): 305. CrossRef
Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fractures Using Targon Proximal Femoral Nails
Il Ho Park, Jong Kyoung Won, Kye Young Han
Hip & Pelvis.2012; 24(2): 117. CrossRef
Operative Treatment with Gamma 3 Nail in Femur Intertrochanteric Fracture
Ki-Do Hong, Jae-Chun Sim, Sung-Sik Ha, Tae-Ho Kim, Yoon-Ho Choi, Jong-Hyun Kim
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2011; 24(1): 7. CrossRef
The Comparison between ITST™ (Intertrochanteric/Subtrochanteric) & DHS (Dynamic Hip Screw) in Unstable Femur Intertrochanteric Fracture
Ho-Seung Jeon, Byung-Mun Park, Kyung-Sub Song, Hyung-Gyu Kim, Jong-Ju Yun
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2009; 22(3): 131. CrossRef
Complications of Femoral Pertrochanteric Fractures Treated with Proximal Femoral Nail (PFN)
Kee-Byoung Lee, Byung-Taek Lee
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2007; 20(1): 33. CrossRef

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Radiologic and clinical evaluation about treatment of ankle fracture: Chang Hyuk Choi, Koing Woo Kwon, Shin Kun Kim, Sang Wook Lee, Dong Kyu Shin, Dong Hwan Um; J Korean Soc Fract 2002;15(2):209-215. Published online April 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2002.15.2.209

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this article is to evaluate the factors affecting clinical result after surgical treatment of ankle fracture. We evaluate the radiologic features of initial, post-operative and last follow up ankle anteroposterior view.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From Feb. 1997 to Jan. 2000, we operated 58 cases of ankle fractures involving bimalleolar and lateral malleolar area. 35 cases which were followed more than one year were enrolled into the study. We evaluated the clinical results according to radiologic features such as lateral displacement, height difference between both malleoli, mortise width, talar tilt and joint space width.
RESULTS
According to Olerud Moland Ankle score, 16 cases(46%) had excellent result and 9 cases(26%) had good result. Radiologically the average initial lateral displacement, height difference, mortise width in the group which had good and excellent results were 1.64mm, 8.85mm, 0.49 and that in the group of fair and poor result were 1.5mm, 10.57mm, 0.48, respectively.(P>0.05) CONCLUSION: The relationship between clinical result and radiologic features in the ankle bimalleolar and lateral malleolar fractures were not proved statistically. However, the tendency of affecting good clinical results which had malleolar height correction was seen.

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Ambulatory Recovery after Fixation of Intertrochanteric Fracture with Gamma nail in the Elderly: Dong Kyu Shin, Koing Woo Kwun, Shin Kun Kim, Sang Wook Lee, Chang Hyuk Choi, Sang Bong Go; J Korean Soc Fract 2000;13(4):771-778. Published online October 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2000.13.4.771

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study was performed to evaluate the ambulatory recovery after fixation of intertrochanteric fracture of elderly patients with Gamma nail and to analyze the factors to affect the recovery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
we evaluated the ambulatory result of 64 cases of intertrochanteric fracure which were fixed with gamma nail and rehabilitated with early weight bearing protocol regardless of reduction state. We analysed the result with statisical method and tried to find the important factor for better ambulatory recovery.
RESULTS
Only 21 patients were able to recover to preinjured level of ambulation and mean loss of ambulation ability was 1.31 according to our evaluation protocol. Stastically the age and early weight bearing walking exercise was affecting factor for better recovery of ambulation and the rate of complication caused by early weight bearing was not significant.
CONCLUSION
Fixation with Gamma nail and early weight bearing rehabilitation protocol was good choice for elderly intertrochanteric fracture without the risk of major complication.

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Survival and Functional Outcomes after Hip Fracture among Nursing Home Residents
Hong Man Cho, Kyujung Lee, Woongbae Min, Yong Suk Choi, Hyun Suk Lee, Hyoung Jin Mun, Hye Young Shim, Da Geon Lee, Mi Joung Yoo
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2016; 31(1): 89. CrossRef

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Treatment of Humerus Shaft Fracture with Intramedullary Nail: Dong Kyu Shin, Kwoing Woo Kwun, Shin Kun Kim, Sang Wook Lee, Chang Hyuk Choi, Sang Bong Ko; J Korean Soc Fract 2000;13(3):562-569. Published online July 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2000.13.3.562

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was performed to evaluate the results of treatment of the humerus shaft fracture with interlocking IM nail.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The result of IM nailing for 29 patients with humerus shaft fracture were evaluated radiologically and clinically. We tried to compare the result of Seidel nail and that of interlocking nail.
RESULTS
The results were as follows ; 1. Nonunion rate was 50% in Seidel nail group and 27% in interlocking nail group(p=0.264). 2. Operation time was shorter in Seidel nail group(67.8min) than in interlocking nail group(115.4min)(p=0.002). 3. Fracture site distraction was present in 9 cases and resulted in nonunion in 8 cases. 4. Union time except the nonunion cases was 10.4weeks in Seidel nail group and 11.9weeks in interlocking nail group but was not considered to be significant due to many nonunion cases. 5. Proximal protrusion was present in 6 cases but resulted in shoulder LOM and pain in only 2 ). cases.
CONCLUSION
Although the operation time in Seidel nail group was shorter than in interlocking nail group, we couldn't find any other difference between the two nails. The results of treatment of humeral shaft fracture with interlocking nail was unsatisfactory in terms of union rate, complications, union time and functional result.

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Comparative study between operative and conservative treatment in 3 part and 4 part fracture of the proximal humerus: Chang Hyuk Choi, Kwoing Woo Kwun, Shin Kun Kim, Sang Wook Lee, Dong Kyu Shin, Bum Jin Park; J Korean Soc Fract 2000;13(2):390-396. Published online April 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2000.13.2.390

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
: Majority of 3-part and 4-part fracture of proximal humerus had been treated by surgical methods. However, Surgical treatment might be inappropriate due to the medical status or combined injures if the patients. Therefore, we compared the operative treatment with the conservative treatment in 3-part and 4-part fracture of proximal humerus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
: Among the 39 cases of 3-part(30) and 4-part(9) fracture of proximal humerus, 22 cases(57%) were treated by conservative methods and 17 cases(43%) were treated by operative methods with T-plate, wire, arthroplasty and screw.
RESULTS
: Among 30 cases of 3-part fracture of proximal humerus, according to the Neer's functional criteria, 12cases(60%) had excellent or satisfactory result in conservative treatment and 7cases(70%) had excellent or satisfactory result in operative treatment. In 9 cases of 4-part fracture of proximal humerus, 2 cases(100%) had poor result in conservative treatment, and 5 cases(71%)had excellent or satisfactory result in operative treatment.
CONCLUSION
: There was no difference in functional result according to the treatment modality in 2-part fracture(p>0.05). but in 4-part fracture, we prefer to treat by operative methods due to avascular necrosis at humeral head and poor functional result with conservative treatment.

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Use of Gamma Nail in Peritrochanteric Fractures of the femur : A comparative study of Asian-Pacific type with Standard-European type: Koing Woo Kwun, Shin Kun Kim, Sang Wook Lee, Chang Hyuk Choi, Dong Kyu Shin, Young Joon Youn; J Korean Soc Fract 1999;12(4):786-791. Published online October 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1999.12.4.786

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
: The mismatch of the Standard Gammd nail(SU) in oriental people led to the modification of the delign of its femoral shaft component and use of the Asian-Pacific type(AP). We compared the clinical results of 2 groups of femoral peritrochanteric fractures treated with each type of Gamma nail.
MATERIALS and METHODS
: 65 cases of peritrochanteric fractures of the femur(AP 24 cases, SU 42 cases) were studied with regard to operation time, union time and complications. The cases in each group were similar in fracture pattern, degree of osteoporosis and time interval between trauma and operation.
RESULTS
There were no significant differencef between two groups in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and union time. Lateral cortical fracture and nail breakage were not observed in AP group but lag screw cutout was more frequent in AP group(8%) than in SU group(2%), but other complications were similar in type and frequency between two groups.
CONCLUSION
: AP Camma nail showed somewhat improved matching with the configuration of Korean femora, but further modification of the design might be needed to solve remained problems such as nail protrusion above trochanter.

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Treatment of communited & Segmental Femoral shaft Fracture by using Interlocking nailing: Comparison between Closed and Open techniques: Chang Hyuk Choi, Koing Woo Kwun, Shin Kun Kim, Sang Wook Lee, Ho Sun Chang; J Korean Soc Fract 1999;12(3):516-522. Published online July 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1999.12.3.516

Abstract PDF: When femoral shaft fracture with severe communition and segmentation result from violent force, they are frequently associated with severe soft tissue damage. Treatment of this unstable fracture need the rigid fixation in order to prevent shorting and rotational loading. In terms of this advantages, interlocking nailing technique was widely used with open and closed methods. In the cases of fractures that having large fragments and wide displacement, closed technique has disadvantage of difficulties in anatomic reduction and its maintenance. Nineteen femoral shaft fractures had been treated by these techniques alternatively at our hospital between Feburary 1994 and Feburary 1997 and had been followed for more than 12 months. Among the 19 cases, closed techniques were 11 cases and open 8 cases. We evaluated the results of two treatment methods in terms of the bone union time, complications and functional results. Mean duration of the bone union time was 24.2 weeks in closed interlocking nailing, 24.5 weeks in open. There was no difference between the bone union time and the operation techniques(p-value>0.05). And complications were delayed union in two cases. In conclusion, in the cases of severe comminuted and segmental femoral shaft fractures especially with posteromedial fragment, open technique was more useful than closed technique, in terms of anatomic restoration and getting functional recovery afford to preinjury level of work.

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Closed Interlocking Nailing for Femoral Shaft Fracture -Comparison of results according to fracture comminution and site-: Sang Wook Lee, Koing Woo Kwun, Shin Kun Kim, Chang Hyuk Choi, Ho Sun Chang; J Korean Soc Fract 1998;11(3):528-532. Published online July 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1998.11.3.528

Abstract PDF

To compare of result according to fracture comminution and fracture site, we reviewed retrospectively 68 femoral shaft fractures treated by closed interlocking intramedullary nailing. The Winquist-Hansen classification was used to categorize the degree of comminution, and fracture site was categorized to three parts as proximal 1/3, middle 1/3, and distal 1/3. The results were analized and compared in each categorized group The average bone union time was delayed in more severely comminuted fracture and in distal 1/3 fracture compared to proximal 1/3 or middle 1/3. Varus angulation deformity was occurred more frequently in proximal 1/3 and severely comminuted fracture group, and posterior angulation deformity was occured more frequently in distal 1/3 fracture group. All but one case showed good functional results regardless of fracture comminution, fracture site and development of malalignment.

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Analysis of Risk Factors for Nonunion after Intramedullary Nailing of Femoral Shaft Fracture in Adult
Yong-Woon Shin, Yerl-Bo Sung, Jeong Yoon Choi, Minkyu Kim
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2011; 24(4): 313. CrossRef

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Treatment of Acetabular Fractures -Comparison of Conservative Treatment and Surgical Treatment According to AO Comprehensive Classification-: Chang Hyuk choi, Koing Woo Kwun, shin Kun Kim, Sang Wook Lee, seung Hee Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 1998;11(2):288-295. Published online April 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1998.11.2.288

Abstract PDF: Acetabular fracture is a severe injury associated with other body injuries. they result in permanent disability due to management difficulty and its complications such as traumatic arthritis, avascular necrosis of femoral head, etc.. In order to restore excellent function of hip joint, anatomic reduction and secure internal fixation followed by early mobilization are neccessary. We analysed 21 patients who were diagnosed as type A1 acetabular fracture from Jan. of 1991 to Dec. of 1996, and compared the functional results of conservative treatment method with that of surgical treatment method. The results were as follows. 1. Conservative management was done at 8 cases, and surgical management was done at 13 cases with open reduction and internal fixation. 2. The functional result by Goodwin criteria was all satisfactory in conservative reatment method and 12 cases(92%) in surgical treatment method. 3. Associated injuries were found in 18 cases, among them pelvic bone fracture was the most common fractured site and knee ligament injury was the most common soft tissue injury. 4. In the cases of larger acetabular fragment or in the presence of associated injury and instability after closed reduction, faster rehabilitation was achieved by starting early range of motion exercise and weight-bearing after surgical treatment than classical conservative treatment.

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Surgical Treatment of the Clavicular Nonunion: Chang Hyuk Choi, Kyung Ho Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 1997;10(3):501-508. Published online July 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1997.10.3.501

Abstract PDF: Ten patients who had a clavicular nonunion were treated operatively at the Catholic University of Taegu Hyosung, with semitubular plate and small LC-DCP from 1987 to 1996. The most common mechanism of the initial fracture was direct injury in eight cases and the most prevalent location of the nonunion was in the middle third in eight cases also. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional and radiological results of the treatment of the clavicular nonunion with the technique of semitubular plate and small LC-DCP and to verify the anatomical configuration and mechanism of the clavicular fracture. The results were as follows: 1. According to the comprehensive classification system, initial fracture type consisted of 8 cases of III-B, and 1 case in II-B and I-B alternatively. 2. Initial treatment was conservative in 8 cases, operative in 2 cases and the treatment of the nonunion was an operative technique with semitubular plate and LC-DCP in 5 cases alternatively. 3. Iliac bone graft was done in all cases and radiological union was achieved by 7.5 weeks with STP group, by 8 weeks with LC-DCP group. 4. The functional result by Weitzman classification was excellent in 4 cases, fair in 1 case with STP group and excellent in 3 cases, good in 1, and fair in 1 case with LC-DCP group. 5. LC-DCP was considered as a recommendable device because it could afford sufficient strength and reduce local osteoporosis of the bone.

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Surgical Treatment of the Fracture of the Distal Humerus: Chang Hyuk Choi, Koing Woo Kwun, Shin Kun Kim, Sang Wook Lee, Soo Il Han, Chang Jin Kang; J Korean Soc Fract 1997;10(1):104-111. Published online January 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1997.10.1.104

Abstract PDF: The treatment of the fracture of the distal humerus has remained one of the most difficult of all fractures to manage. The goal of treatment, which is the same for other intraarticular fractures, is to reestablish articular congruity, rigid fixation and early active motion as soon as possible. It appears that the use of plates is currently the most acceptable method of fixation. The aim of this study is to clarify the correlation between various fixation methods and functional end results, in order to help in choosing treatment modalities. We reviewed 11 cases of the fractures of the distal humerus treated surgically in Orthopaedic Department of Taegu Hyosung University Hospital between 1992 and 1995. Clinical end results were as follows: 1. Of the 11 cases, there was 6 males and 5 females. Age was from 13 years old to 83 years old and mean age was 46 years old. 2. Muller classification consisted of 4 cases of A2, 1 case of B2, 3 cases of Cl and 3 cases of C2. The mean length of follow up was 15 months. Except for 2 cases of open wound and nonunion, time from injury to surgery was 8 days. Mean period of initial exercise was 4 weeks. 3. All surgical incisions were done with posterior approach; they consisted of 5 cases of dual-contoured plates, 4 cases of plate with screw and 2 cases of K-wires with screw. 4. Mean range of elbow motion was flexion 123 and extension defect 14. There was no limition of pronation and supination compared with the normal side. 5. The functional result by Jupiter criteria was excellent in 5 cases, good in 4 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in 1 case. 6. There were complications in 1 case of plate broken and 1 case of nonunion. 7. In the distal fracture of the humerus, There were 82% of excellent of good result by over-all functional result of Jupiter.

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Treatment of Tibial Plateau Fracture Comparison of Functional and Radiologic End Result: Chang Hyuk Choi, Soo Il Han, Seung Hee Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 1996;9(4):984-992. Published online October 31, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1996.9.4.984

Abstract PDF: The aim of treating a tibial plateau fracture is to gain a stable, pain free knee motion, and to repair all associated lesion. Recently a preferred treatment is the open reduction and internal fixation of all displaced and unstable tibial plateau fracture in order to gain anatomic reduction and early knee motion. But functional recovery is relatively impaired in complex knee trauma, despite various treatment modalities. Observations based on long-term radiologicexaminations frequently did not correlate with the functional end results. When choosing the treatment modalities, there are many factors to consider which will influence the final results. Forty-seven cases of tibial plateau fractures were treated from August 1988 to March 1995 and the average follow up period was fouty-eight months. The results were as follows: 1. Of the 47 patients, there were 34 male and 13 female patients, and the mean age was 49 years. 2. Causes of injury were traffic accidents(36 cases), falling down(7 cases), crushing injury(1 case), and others(3 cases), and the left side was more predominant(28 cases) than the right side (39 cases). 3. Treatment modalities were conservative treatment(16 cases), Illizarov external fixators(8 cases), tibial bolt(11 cases) and screw & wire(12 cases). 4. The range of motion of the knee joint averaged 116 degrees and the average start time of the range of motion exercise was 7.8 weeks. In the good to excellent clinical end results groups, there were meaningful statistical differences. 5. There were statiscal differences between type I(88%), II(80%) fractures and type IV(56%), VI(33%) fractures for the clinical end results. 6. We gained better results after treatment of closed fracture and isolated injury cases than open fracture or associated injury cases, but there were no statistical differences. 7. There were no statistical differences on treatment modalities.

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Treatment of Acromioclavieular Dislocation: Comparative Study between Conservative Treatment and Two Operative Method: Chang Hyuk Choi, Chang Jin Kang; J Korean Soc Fract 1996;9(4):1039-1046. Published online October 31, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1996.9.4.1039

Abstract PDF: We treated 43 cases of the complete dislocation of the acromioclavicular dislocation with the modified Weaber and Dvnn method(22 cases), Phemister method(12 cases) and conservative method(9 cases) from April 1987 to February 1995. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical and radiological results of two operative method and conservative treatment. The average follow up period was fifty sit months and the results were as follows: 1. Of the 43 patients, there was 34 male and 9 femaie patients, and peak incidence was in 3rd and 4th decades(4775). 2. Cause of injury was fall down (20 cases), traffic accident(12 cases), and slip down(11 cases) and left side was predominent with 26 cases(60%). 3. The functional result by the Weitzmann criteria was Excellent in 15 cases(68%), Good in 5 cases(23%), and Fair in 2 cases(9%) with Modified Weaber and Dunn method, and 8 cases(66%), 2cases(17%),and 2cases(17%) with Phemister method, and 5 cases(55%), 2 cases(23%), and 2cases(23%) with conservative treatment. 4. There were no maior complications that could affect the end results. 5. The functional results were similiar to all treatment modalities, and coracoclavicular interval ratio was well maintained regardless of two operative method, but less complication and more patient satisfaction were after Modifid Weaber and Dunn method.

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Comparison of Treatment Method of Displaeed Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus in Children: Chang Hyuk Choi, Jin Kun Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):651-658. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.651

Abstract PDF: Displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children should be carefully considered in choosing treatment method because of many complications and difficulties of operative technique. We analyzed the follow up results of 94 patients treated by closed reduction and application of cast(CR), skeletal traction(57), percutaneous pinning after closed reduction(PP) and open reduction with internal fixation(OR) from Jan. 1989 to Jan. 1994. The results were as follows: 1. The mean age was 7.5 years old in both sexes, and male to female ratio was 2.5:1. 2. According to Gartland classification, type II was 23 cases, type III a was 42 cases and type III b was 29 cases. 3. Of all fractures, 31 cases were treated by CR, 7 cases by 57,47 cases by PP and 9 cases were treated by OR. 4. According to Flynn criteria, the excellent result of the treatment was 50% followed by CR,57% followed by 57, 79% followed by 57 and 63% followed by OR. 5. There was no significant difference in the mean duration of bony union regardless of fracture type and treatment modalities. 6. The mean duration of hospital stay was longest at 57 group(14 days) and shortest at PP group(4 days). 7. PP producted the best radiographic and functional results and accessibility.

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A Clinical Study of the Ankle Fracture with Diastnsis: Ik Dong Kim, Jo Chul Ihn, Pong Tnk Kim, Byung Chul Park, Young Goo Lyu, Il Hyung Park, Chang Hyuk Choi; J Korean Soc Fract 1992;5(2):253-259. Published online November 30, 1992; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1992.5.2.253

Abstract PDF: The ankle fracture with diastasls of distal tibiofibular joint is caused by an axial loading force with concomitant external rotation and associated with severe ankle fracture in addition to talai subluxation due to rupture of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. In order to restore the normal ankle mortise, operative anatomical reduction and temporary stabilization of the syndesmosis is mostily required until early ligament healing is present. Twelve cases among ninety-six cases of the ankle fracture were associated with diastasis and treated in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital during the period from January, 1988 to May, 1991. We analysed these cases according to injury mechanism, radiographic criterion, the patterns of associated medial and lateral injury and treatment result. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The incidence of trauma was most frequent in 5th decade(5 cases). 2. Diastasls was produced by 3 mechanism according to Lauge-Hansen classification : (pronalion-external rotation : 7, Suplnatlon-external rotation : 3, pronation-Abduction;2). 3. All were associated with fibular fracture : proximal fibular fracture was most common (7cases). 4. All had disruption of the medial structures (medial ligament rupture 3, medial malleolusfracture 9). 5. Although the cases were small, there seems no significant differences between transfixation group and unfixation group when accurate anatomical restoration of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis was achieved.

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