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Surgical outcomes of the coracoid process fracture associated with the acromioclavicular joint injury in Korea: a case series
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Dongju Shin, Sung Choi, Sangwoo Kim, Byung Hoon Kwack
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J Musculoskelet Trauma 2026;39(1):54-61. Published online January 14, 2026
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jmt.2025.00346
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 Abstract
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- Background
Excluding technical reports and isolated case reports, there are no published studies evaluating coracoid process fixation with or without an acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) stabilization procedure for coracoid process fractures associated with ACJ injury. The purpose of this study was to assess the surgical outcomes of coracoid process fractures associated with ACJ injuries and to determine the usefulness of coracoid process fixation with or without an ACJ stabilization procedure.
Methods
From February 2006 to December 2015, patients with coracoid process fractures associated with ACJ injuries were enrolled. Radiological and clinical outcomes were analyzed in 12 patients who underwent coracoid process fixation with or without an ACJ stabilization procedure. A 3.5-mm cannulated screw with a washer or a 3.0-mm headless compression screw was used for coracoid process fixation, and either a clavicle hook plate or Kirschner (K)-wires were used for ACJ injuries when additional fixation was necessary.
Results
Bone union was achieved in 11 patients (91.7%), while one case was determined to be a nonunion at 6 months. Radiological union occurred at an average of 3 months (range, 1.5–4 months) in all patients except the nonunion case. At the final follow-up, the average clinical scores were a visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score of 1.5 (range, 0–4) and a UCLA score of 30.9 (range, 28–35). Clinical outcomes were satisfactory in all patients, including the patient with nonunion.
Conclusion
The clinical and radiological outcomes of treating coracoid process fractures associated with ACJ injuries using coracoid process fixation with or without ACJ stabilization were favorable. A cannulated screw with a washer and clavicle hook plate fixation may provide sufficient stability for both the coracoid process fracture and the ACJ injury when feasible.
Level of evidence: IV.
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Outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation using 2.0/2.4 mm locking compression plate in isolated greater tuberosity fractures of humerus
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Sung Choi, Dongju Shin, Sangwoo Kim, Byung Hoon Kwack
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J Musculoskelet Trauma 2025;38(1):32-39. Published online January 24, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jmt.2025.00005
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Abstract
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- Background
The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the radiographic and clinical results of a small single or double low-profile plate fixation of 2.0/2.4 mm locking compression plate (LCP) in treating isolated greater tuberosity (GT) fractures of the humerus. Methods: From June 2015 to October 2022, patients who underwent LCP in treating isolated GT fractures of the humerus were included in this study. The radiological and clinical results were analyzed in 15 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation used 2.0/2.4 mm LCP. Results: Bone union was achieved in 14 patients (93.3%) and one failed case was treated with a 2.4 mm single LCP fixation. Radiological union was achieved within 10–20 weeks. Complications occurred in two patients (13.3%), including the reduction failure and shoulder stiffness. At the final follow-up, the average clinical scores were as follows: a visual analog scale for pain of 2.1 (range, 0–5) and a University of California, Los Angeles score of 27.2 (range, 18–31). Regarding range of motion (ROM), the average active ROMs were 142° for forward flexion (range, 120°–150°), 147.1° for abduction (range, 120°– 180°), and 59.3° for external rotation (range, 45°–80°). For internal rotation, the average was observed to reach the 10th thoracic vertebra (range, 1st lumbar vertebra–7th thoracic vertebra). Conclusions: The clinical and radiologic outcomes of treating isolated GT fracture using 2.0/2.4 mm LCP were favorable, and double low-profile plate fixation may be beneficial for sufficient fracture stability if possible. Level of evidence: Level IV, case series.
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Bone Union Time of Simple Distal Femur Fractures in the Elderly according to Fracture Gap after Treated with Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis
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Young Ho Cho, Sangwoo Kim, Jaewook Koo
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J Korean Fract Soc 2023;36(4):133-138. Published online October 31, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2023.36.4.133
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Abstract
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- Purpose
This study examined the difference in bone union time according to the fracture gap after minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for simple distal femoral fractures in elderly patients.
Materials and Methods
From January 2010 to December 2019, patients aged 60 years or older who underwent surgical treatment for distal femoral fractures due to a low-energy injury were investigated retrospectively. Forty patients were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the fracture gap after reduction: no more than 2 mm (Group A) and more than 2 mm (Group B) in the anteroposterior and lateral plane. The demographic, operation time, presence or absence of cerclage wiring, plate screw density, plate span ratio, plate length, bone union period, non-union, and complications were evaluated.
Results
No statistical differences in operation time, cerclage wiring, plate screw density, plate span ratio, and plate length were observed between the two groups, and the bone union was achieved in all patients without complication. The bone union period was 17.24±1.48 weeks in Group A and 24.53± 5.20 weeks in Group B, which was statistically significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion
The bone union time in treating geriatric simple distal femur fractures using the MIPO tech-nique was significantly shorter in the 2 mm or less fracture gap than in the greater than 2 mm group.
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