Journal of Musculoskeletal Trauma

Treatment of Tibial Fractures In Children With Pin and Plaster Technique: Byoung Ho Suh, Gyu Min Kong, Sang Ho Moon, Dong Joon Kim, Jin Woo Kwon, Se Won Park; J Korean Fract Soc 2005;18(3):325-329. Published online July 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2005.18.3.325

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To evaluate the result of tibial shaft fractures in children treated with pin and plaster method.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From March 1998 to February 2003, Tibial shaft fractures in thirty six pediatric patients which were treated with pin and plaster method were clinically and radiologicaly evaluated retrospectively.
RESULTS
Mean bony union duration was 9.8 weeks. All fractures healed within acceptable angulations. There was neither delayed union nor nonunion. There were complications related to the pins, including superficial and deep infection, skin sloughing. There were 7 cases of tibial overgrowth but they had no functional disability.
CONCLUSION
Pin and plaster method can substitute other operative methods in tibial fractures in children which is difficult to reduce or maintain reduction by conservative treatment.

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Treatment of Lateral Malleolar Fractures using Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis Technique: Dong Joon Kim, Byoung Ho Suh, Jin Woo Kwon, Gyu Min Kong, Sang Ho Moon, Jong Moon Bae; J Korean Fract Soc 2005;18(3):286-290. Published online July 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2005.18.3.286

PURPOSE
To evaluate the efficacy and complication of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique for lateral malleolar fracture.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From January 2001 to December 2003, we had treated 13 cases of lateral malleolar fracture (AO-OTA classification, type A: 4, type B: 9) by MIPO technique and followed them up more than 1 year. Operation time, union time, radiologic alignment, range of motion of the ankle joint, functional results according to criteria of Meyer and complication were evaluated.
RESULTS
After the final follow-up, all the fractures were healed without any second procedure, full-weight bearing ambulation was started in average 10 weeks. Any malunion was not observed by the inadequate bending of plate. Two patients felt a discomfort of ankle because the location of plate was lower than the tip of the lateral malleolus, but all the patients had excellent or satisfactory ankle functions. No deep infection or soft tissue compromise were observed at the last follow up.
CONCLUSION
Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis technique is safe and worthwhile method in management of lateral malleous fractures while avoiding the complications associated with conventional open plating methods.

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Percutaneous Plating of Weber B Fibular Fractures
Amol Saxena, Andrew Yun
The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery.2017; 56(2): 366. CrossRef
Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis for ankle fractures: a prospective observational cohort study
Robinson Esteves Santos Pires, Cyril Mauffrey, Marco Antônio Percope de Andrade, Leonardo Brandão Figueiredo, Vincenzo Giordano, João Carlos Belloti, Fernando Baldy dos Reis
European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology.2014; 24(7): 1297. CrossRef

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Retrograde Nailing in Femur Supracondylar Fracture: Jin Woo Kwon, Sung Ho Shin, Won Ho Cho, Ki Ho Sung, Ki Han Kim, Kyong Tae Sohn, Sang Hoon Lee, Se Won Park, Jong Moon Bae, Tae Woo Kwon; J Korean Soc Fract 2003;16(4):465-473. Published online October 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2003.16.4.465

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
We retrospectively analysed the result of retrograde supracondylar nail fixation in femur supracondylar fractures and evaluate the clinical effectiveness of this method.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Since October 1998 we have treated 14 supracondylar fractures (AO type: A2-6, A3-1, C1-3 and C2-4) by retrograde intramedullary nailing technique through trans-patellar tendon approach from October 1998 to June 2001 and followed more than 1 year.
RESULTS
Among 14 cases, 5 cases were excellent, 6 good, 3 fair according to Schatzker functional result. The complications were 1 distal locking screw loosening, 1 delayed union and 1 fracture around proximal locking site.
CONCLUSION
Even though the retrograde nailing may damage the knee joint because it is inserted by opening up the joint, it provided the necessary stable fixation with short operation time, low blood loss, minimal soft tissue injury. Thus we believe that retrograde nailing is useful operative technique for the management of supracondylar fracture in osteoporotic, communited fractures, or open fractures.

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Retrograde Nailing for Supracondylar Fracture after Total Knee Replacement: The Compatibility of Femoral Implant with Supracondylar Nail
Moon-Jib Yoo, You-Jin Kim, Jin-Won Lee
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2008; 21(1): 19. CrossRef

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Treatment of Ipsilateral Femur Neck & Shaft Fracture: Jin Woo Kwon, Ki Hwon Kim, Sang Ho Moon, Kyu Min Kong, Kyong Tae Sohn, Sang Hoon Lee, Tae Woo Kwon; J Korean Soc Fract 2003;16(3):319-326. Published online July 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2003.16.3.319

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to analyse the result of operative treatment in ipsilateral femur neck and shaft fracture.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eleven cases of ipsilateral femur neck and shaft fractures were operated and followed more than 1 year. There were 11 men and the mean age at index operation was 38 years (range 22~54). In neck fracture there were 3 of type I, 6 of type II, and 1 of type III according to Garden classification, shaft fractures were located at middle 1/3(7 cases), at distal 1/3(4 cases). We evaluate the operation time, union time, nonunion, malunion, and clinical evaluation with pain and joint stiffness.
RESULTS
In neck fractures treatment methods were 8 of multiple pinning, 2 of reconstruction nail and 1 of CHS, in shaft fractures 2 of DCP, 7 of retrograde nailing (3 Ender nail, 4 interlocking nail). The mean operation time was 180 minutes in reconstruction nail, 220 minutes in multiple pinning and DCP and 200 minutes in multiple pinning and retrograde nailing. The mean time for shaft union was 5 months. The complications were 1 case of neck reduction loss during operation in reconstruction nailing group, 2 of aseptic necrosis of femur head, 2 of shaft nonunion in retrograde nailing group, 1 of persistant pain around knee in Ender nailing group.
CONCLUSION
The author think that reconstruction nail fixation is technically difficult, thus neck and shaft fracture be fixed individually. Neck fracture can be fixed first without difficulty and shaft fracture should be fixed rigidly due to comminution.

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The significance of distal radioulnar joint injury in distal radius fracture: Jin Woo Kwon, Sung Ho Shin, Won Ho Jo, Dong Hyun Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 2002;15(2):251-257. Published online April 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2002.15.2.251

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To evaluate the effectiveness of operative treatment in distal radius fracture with distal radioulnar joint injury. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From January 1992 to January 2000, 66 cases of distal radius fracture with distal radioulnar joint injury who had been treated with conservative or operative methods were analyzed the final state of radius articular surface and distal radioulnar joint.
RESULT
In operatively treated cases(42 cases), the average of volar tilt was 3.74 degrees, ulnar inclination 21.9 degrees, radial length 9.74mm. In conservatively treated cases(24 cases), The average of volar tilt was 1.75 degrees, ulnar inclination 15.1 degrees, radial length 7.67mm. The state of distal radioulnar joints were as follows; In operatively treated cases, anatomical reduction 37(88%), joint widening 5, In conservatively treated cases, anatomical reduction 17(70%), joint widening or ulnar impingement syndrome 7.
CONCLUSION
In treatment of distal radius fracture with distal radioulnar injury, operative treatment is probably more effective in restoration of radius articular surface and distal radioulnar joint healing.

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Treatment of the Clavicle Lateral End Fracture by Kirschner wire and Wire fixation: Jin Woo Kwon, Seung Ho Shin, Won Ho Cho, Woo Se Lee, Ki Hwan Kim, Dong Hyun Kim, Chun Ho Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 2001;14(2):214-222. Published online April 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2001.14.2.214

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Kirschner wire and additional wire fixation in clavicle lateral end fractures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We reviewed 14 cases that were treated by Kirschner wire and wire fixation from January 1997 to May 1999 and followed up for more than 1 year. Average age was 42 years old(male 6, female 8). The fractures were classified according to Jager and Breitner classification : 2 cases of type 1, 5 of type 2a, 5 of type 2b, 2 of type 3. We used 3 types of fixation method : First, interfragment Kirschner wire and wire fixation in simple fracture. Second, first method was reinforced with transacromial Kirschner wire fixation in simple, but osteoporotic bone. Third, fracture was fixed by transacromial Kirschner wire and wire fixation in intraarticular or comminuted fracture.
RESULTS
Bony union was obtained in all cases with average duration of 10 weeks. The functional result of shoulder was evaluated by the scoring system of Rowe : exellent 8, good 5, fair 1 case. The complications were pin migration 2, pin infection 1, shoulder LOM 3, traumatic acromioclavicular joint arthritis 2 cases.
CONCLUSION
Appropriate use of three types of Kirschner wire and wire fixation technique according to location of fracture, degree of comminution can improve bony union rate and shoulder function.

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The Effect of Dynamization in Tibia Fracture: Jin Woo Kwon, Seung Ho Shin, Won Ho Cho, Woo Se Lee, Ki Ho Sung; J Korean Soc Fract 2001;14(1):52-59. Published online January 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2001.14.1.52

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of dynamization which was done for the treatment of delayed union or persisting fracture gap after interlocking intramedullary nailing, by radiographic and physical examination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We analyzed 22 cases these were treated with dynamization from 247 cases of tibia shaft fracture treated initially with static interlocking intramedullary nailing from February l990 to May 2000 and were followed up more than lyear. The result of dynamization was classified as 3 groups and we divided each results 3 categories that is effective result, uncertain result and ineffective result. Group A is cases that achived ultimate union with shortening of fracture gap and was 10 cases. Group B is that achieved ultimate union but fracture gap did not reduced and was 10 cases. Group C is that showed ultimate non-union and was 2 cases.
RESULTS
The result is that dynamization was effective only 4 cases of group A. 6 cases of group A and 4 cases of group B showed instability(radiolucent halo around nail, hypertrophied callus and leg pain), and 6 cases of group B showed no shortening of fracture gap, thus these were classified as uncertain result. Group C(2 cases) showed non-union, classified as ineffective.
CONCLUSION
Dynamization caused instability in most tibia fractures except simple mid-shaft fracture. So in the comminuted fractures and distal or proximal l/3 oblique fractures, other procedures such as bone graft, refixation should be considered rather than dynamization.

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Throwing Fractures of the Humerus: 2 Cases Report: Jin Woo Kwon, Seung Ho Shin, Won Ho Cho, Woo Se Lee, Ki Ho Sung; J Korean Soc Fract 2000;13(4):978-981. Published online October 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2000.13.4.978

Abstract PDF: Spiral fractures of the middle or distal shaft of the humerus that occur during attempts to throw a variety of objects are not common. Many authors have reported that the cause of fracture was the results of uncoordinated muscle violence. We experienced two cases of throwing fractures of humerus, one is baseball player(catcher) preceded by arm pain during throwing motion, the other is recreational hand grenade player without prodromal arm pain.

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Radiologic Pattern of Trochlear Ossification Center: Jin Woo Kwon, Seung Ho Shin, Won Ho Cho, Woo Se Lee, Chun Ho Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 2000;13(2):216-221. Published online April 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2000.13.2.216

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
: The trochlear secondary ossification center may be variable in number, shape and size, thus it can be considered as fracture. The purpose of this study is to evaluate radiographic analysis of normal trochlear secondary ossification center.
METHOD
AND MATERIAL : We reviewed the 100 cases of normal elbow radiographs and classified the numbers and shapes of trochlear sencondary ossification center.
RESULT
: The number of trochear secondary ossification center was that one was 72 cases(72%), two 19 cases(19%), three 9 cases(9%). The shape of trochlear ossification center which has only one ossification center was classified as round was 11cases(15.3%), elliptical 24 cases(33.3%), irregular37(51.4%).
CONCLUSION
: The radiographic finding of trochlear secondary ossification center is variable in number, size and shape, thus authors concluded that fragmentation or bizzare shape of trochlea in painless elbow must be considered as secondary ossification center.

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Leg Length Discrepancy after Ender Nail Fixation in Children Femoral Shaft Fracture: Jin Woo Kwon, Seung Ho Shin, Won Ho Cho, Woo Se Lee, Jin Ho Park; J Korean Soc Fract 2000;13(1):172-177. Published online January 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2000.13.1.172

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the seg length discrepancy after Ender nail fixation in children's femoral shaft fracture.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
: We reviewed 18 femoral shaft fracture that were treated with Ender nail and studied the relationship between the initial site of fracture, type of fracture and overgrowth. The age of children in this study ranged 6 to 13 years old and the average period of follow-up was 32 months.
RESULTS
: The range of leg length discrepancy was from 6 mm shortening to 16mm lengthening and average 3.4 mm lengthening. Only one patient had shortening, nine patients had limbs of equal length(less than 2 mm) and eight patients had lengthening. The average overgrowth was 1.3 mm in proximal 1/3, 7.0 mm in middle 1/3, 3.0 mm in distal 3/1 fractures. The average overgrowth was 7.3 mm in transverse, 1.3 mm in oblique and 2.3 mm in comminuted fractures.
Conclusions
: We consider closed Ender nailing in children femoral shaft fractures as a good treatment modality in the matter of leg length discrepancy.

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Operative Treaeent of Hohl II, III Plateau Fracture by Small Incision and Bone Window: Jin Woo Kwon, Kyoung Tae Sohn, Sung Ho Shin, Woo Se Lee, Won Ho Jo, Jae Il Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 1999;12(3):593-600. Published online July 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1999.12.3.593

Abstract PDF: Severely depressed plateau fractures, especially Hohl I, III, can not be reduced by ligamentotaxis and require elevation through a cortical window, bone grafting, and fixation with either cancellous screws or a buttress plate. But traditional long lateral parapatellar incision and plate fixation method caused frequent wound dehiscence and deep infection. Thus to reduce the soft tissue problem we treated Hohl II, III plateau fractures by small anterolateral L-shaped incision, submeniscal exposure, reduction of depressed plateau and bone graft through bone window, and then cancellous screws fixation beneath the subchondral bone of elevated plateau. We anayzes 22 cases with Hohl II, III plateau fractures, which were treated by these method from February 1990 to December 1997 and followed more than 1 year. Males were 17, and females were 5. Average age of patients was 44.7 years. The most common cause of injury was traffic accidents(17 cases), and fracture type according to the Hohl classification was 14 cases of type II, 8 of type III. The associated injuries were 18 cases of meniscus tear, 13 of ligament injury(6 ACL, 7 MCL). The clinical results by Blokkers criteria were satisfactory 19 cases(86.3%) and unsatisfactory 3 cases(13.7%). We concluded that this method has following advantages; relatively firm fracture fixation, short operation time, low soft tissue problem.

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The Problems of Locked Intramedullary Nailing in the Proximal Shaft Fractures of the Tibia: Jin Woo Kwon, Kyoung Tae Sohn, Seung Ho Shin, Jae Il Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 1999;12(1):76-82. Published online January 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1999.12.1.76

Abstract PDF: Proximal shaft fractures of the tibia have a high incidence of complication and often result in poor outcomes. Plate fixation and locked intramedullary nailing are the most common methods of treatment, but now the latter is more popular because of soft tissue problem, osteomyelitis etc.. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of locked intramedullary nailing in the treatment of proximal shaft fractures of the tibia and to draw a conclusion that what type of fracture patterns are the appropriate indication of nailing. We analyzed 18 proximal shaft fractures of the tibia which were treated by locked intramedullary nailing from October 1991 to March 1997 and followed more than 12 months. The results were as follows ; The complications were occurred in 12 cases(66.6%); 4 cases of delayed or non-union, 8 of angular deformity, 1 of leg length discrepancy. Delayed or non-unions were caused by fracture site comminution and bone defect. 5 anterior angular deformities were due to the pulling of the knee extensor mechanism and 3 valgus deformities were due to medially located entry portal. In conclusion, since locked intramedullary nailing in proximal tibial fractures causes a high incidence of complications, it is recommended in transverse or undisplaced fractures. And plate fixation and bone graft will be recommended in comminuted or displaced oblique fractures, if soft tissue condition is permitted.

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Combined Injuries of Pubic Ramus Fracture : The Role of Computerized Tomography: Choong Gil Lee, Jin Woo Kwon, Kyoung Tae Sohn, Seung Ho Shin, Jun Wook Park; J Korean Soc Fract 1999;12(1):40-46. Published online January 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1999.12.1.40

Abstract PDF

Pelvic fractures in general can be divided into two major types, based on the amount of energy involved : low-energy mechanisms are usually fractures of individual bones of the pelvic ring and high-energy mechanisms results in more severe injury to the pelvic ring, generally producing pelvic ring disruption. Pelvic fractures resulting from low-energy mechanism are usually fractures of individual bones of the pelvic ring that do not damage the true integrity of the ring structure. These include avulsion fractures, isolated fractures of the sacrum, and iliac wing fracture. Computerized tomography permits confirmation of findings noted on plain film and delineates injury to the posterior ring. It facilitates subclassifying the fracture according to degree of severity, as in the Young classification. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of CT, which is to identify the combined injuries of pubic ramus fractures. The sacrum impacted fracture and sacroiliac joint injury are often unidentified and diagnosed as an isolated fracture to the pubic ramus. The 42 cases of pubic ramus fractures on conventional radiography were simultaneously performed CT from June 1996 to February 1998. The results of associated injuries were as follows. 1. In 34 cases (81%) posterior pelvic ring injuries (sacral fractures 28 cases, anterior sacroiliac joint widening 6 cases) were observed. 2. CT was very useful to diagnose the posterior pelvic injury and to determine the mechanisms of injury.

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Deep-learning-based pelvic automatic segmentation in pelvic fractures
Jung Min Lee, Jun Young Park, Young Jae Kim, Kwang Gi Kim
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Aorto-Innominate Venous Fistula after percutaneous kirschner wire fixation of the Sternoclavivular Joint Anterior Dislocation: A case report: Choong Gil Lee, Jin Woo Kwon, Kyoung Tae Sohn, Seung Ho Shin, Jong Cheon Park; J Korean Soc Fract 1998;11(4):953-957. Published online October 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1998.11.4.953

Abstract PDF: Kirschner wire fixation in sternoclavicular dislocation poses a considerable risk of serious early or late complications. We report a case of Kirschner wire penetration into the innominate vein and aorta, which caused aortovenous fistula and congestive heart failure.

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Complications of Interlocking Intramedullary Nailing for the Humeral Shaft Fractures: Choong Gil Lee, Jin Woo Kwon, Kyoung Tae sohn, Seung Ho Shin, Jong Cheon Park; J Korean Soc Fract 1998;11(2):254-261. Published online April 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1998.11.2.254

Abstract PDF: Locked intramedullary nailing has been used as a popular method in treating humeral shaft fracture because of relatively less invasive procedure, good stability and allowing early rehabilitation. However many problems such as rotator cuff injury, iatrogenic fracture, difficult distal locking at operation and painful limitation of shoulder motion due to protrusion of the nail above the greater tuberosity, frequent delayed or nonunion were reported. We reviewed our experience with 26 cases of humeral shaft fractures that were treated by interlocking intramedullary nailing to evaluate the pitfalls and the complications of this technique. the results were as follows. 1. In five cases(19.2%) iatrogenic fractures occured during nail insertion. Three were in the site of inlet and two were in the original fracture site. 2. In four cases(15.4%) painful limitation of shoulder motion was persisted for 2 months. Two were caused by subacromial impingement due to nail protrusion and two were by intraoperative rotator cuff injury. 3. Nonunion occured in two cases(7.7%) which were middle one third transverse fractures and were not fixed with distal locking screws. 4. Intraoperative and postoperative complication rate was 42.3%.

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Treatment of the Proximal Humeral Fracture by Bent Semitubular Plate: Choong Gil Lee, Jin Woo Kwon, Jae Hyum Park, Sung Ho Shin, Wan Eub Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 1997;10(3):634-639. Published online July 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1997.10.3.634

Abstract PDF: There is no consensus on the best way to treat complicated fractures of the proximal humerus. Open reduction and internal fixation with plate is one of the most popular method, but it has several disadvantages. Thus we used bent semitubular plates to fix the proximal humeral fractures, which were reported by Szabo and Sehr. Moda etc. This method provided relatively firm fixation and then early ROM exercise was possible even in case of osteoporotic or severely comminuted fractures. We treated 9 cases of proximal humerus fractures which were with bent semitubular plates from January 1992 to June 1996 and followed up more than 6 months. The following results were obtained. 1. The bent semitubular piate fixation was useful method even in treatment of comminuted or osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures. 2. The mean duration of radiologic bone union was postoperative 10 weeks. 3, Complications developed in 2 cases ; one case was plate failure and the other was humeral head penetration by blade portion. 4, According to Neer criteria 5 cases were excellent, 2 cases satisfactory, 1 case unsatisfactory and 1 case failure.

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Wrist Injury in Juvenile Gymnasts: Choong Gil Lee, Jin Woo Kwon, Jae Hyum Park, Sang Hoon Lee, Wan Eup Kim, Eun Sik Shin; J Korean Soc Fract 1996;9(4):1125-1130. Published online October 31, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1996.9.4.1125

Abstract PDF: In the adolescent gymnasts, recent studios have shown that wrist is particularly vulnerable to chronic stress. In the immature skeleton, growth plate is especially vulnerable to acute or chronic trauma since the joint capsule and ligamentous structures are strong. The purpose of this study is to report the frequency, finding of radiologic abnormalities and the type of sports to cause wrist pain. The authors examined 26 adolescent gymnasts, 20 males and 6 females. The age range was 11 years 10 months to 17 years 5 months for males and 11 years 9 months to 34 years 4 months for females. The results were as follows; 1. The radiologic abnormalities were found in 23 cases(88%), 19 males and 4 females. 2. Wrist pain was most frequently csused by pommel horse exercise in males and by floor exercise in females. 3. Among 23 cases, 18 showed widening of distal radial growth plates and irregularities of the margins of the growth plate(15 cases were bilateral). Widening of distal ulna growth plates were combineti in six cases, ulna styloid process fracture in 3 cases and radial styloid process fracture in 1 case. 4. Among 23 cases, 5 cases showed widening of distal radial metaphysis and increased ulnar tilting.

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Treatment of Radial Neck Fracture in Children: A Report of Six Cases: Choong Gil Lee, Jin Woo Kwon, Young Dae Park, Jae Hyum Park, Young Suk Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):645-650. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.645

Abstract PDF: From December 1992, 6 fractures of the radial neck in children were treated at Sunrin General Hospital and followed up at least 6 months. The purpose of this study is to review the initial fracture angulation, associated injuries, method of treatment, and clinical and radiologic results. The following results were obtained; 1. There were 3 boys and 3 girls with an average age of 11 years. 2. Among 6 cases, associated injuries were accompanied in 4 cases. 3. Among 6 cases,5 cases were treated conservatively and 1 case of radial head posterior dislocation was treated by open reduction and pin fixation. 4. Angulation of less than 30 degrees were treated by simple cast immobilization(2 cases), of more than 30 degrees were by closed reduction and cast irnrnobilization(3 cases). 5. Elbow partial stiffness occurred in 2 cases.

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Treatment of Ankle Fractures in Children: Choong Gil Lee, Jin woo Kwon, young Dae Park, Jae Hyum Park, Sung Ho Shin; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):637-644. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.637

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study is to find the effective treatment method by evaluating the frequency and causes of complication in each Salter-Harris types. The materials were 26 ankle physeal injuries treated from 1989 to 1994 with least follow-up of 12 months(ranged 12 to 62 months). The results were as follows. 1. There were 14 boys and 12 girls with an average age of 11 years(range,3-15years) 2. According to Dias and Tachdjian classification, mechanisms of injury were pronation-eversion external rotation type in 7, supination-inversion type in 6, supination-plantar flexion type in 4, supination-external rotation type in 2, Tillaux in 3, unclassified in 4. 3. Amomg 26 cases operative treatment was done in 11 cases that include 4 cases of closed reduction & percutaneous pinning and 7 cases of open reduction & internal fixation. 4. Among 26 cases, complication occurred in 4 cases, in which 3 cases were treated by closed reduction and cast irnrnobilization only or with percutaneous pinning. 5. It is most important for prevention of complication that Salter-Harris type II, III, IV fractures were to be reduced accurately and fixed adequately. 6. Because Tillaux fracture ocurs near the age of epiphyseal closure, there were no clinically significant deformity after long term follow up. In 3 cases of Tillaux fracture, the resluts were good.

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Posterior Fracture Dislocation of the Hip with Fracture of the Femoral Head: Choong Gil Lee, Jin Woo Kwon, Jun Wan Park, Young Dae Park, Sung Ho Shin; J Korean Soc Fract 1994;7(2):302-307. Published online November 30, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1994.7.2.302

Abstract PDF: The femoral head rarely is fractured in fracture-dislocation of the hip and probably result from forces transmitted axially along the femoral shaft with the hip flexed 60 degrees or less in neutral abduction and adduction. Pipkin subclassified Epstein-Thompson type 5 fracture-dislocations into four additional subtypes according to head fragment location and presence of neck, acetabulum fracture. Hougaard and Thomsen reviewed 203 posterior hip dislocations and found that 13 patients with a fracture of the femoral head(Pipkin type 1,2). 1 with fractures of femoral head and neck(Pipkin type 3), 2 with fractures of femoral had and acetabulum(Pipkin type 4). Epstein, Wiss, and Cozen reported that 11 cases of Pipkin type 1,26 of type 2,8 of type 3, and 10 of type 4. We experienced 2 cases of Pipkin type 3 and 3 of type 4 from January, 1990 and the results obtained were as follows. 1. By Pipkin classification, type 3 was 2 cases and type 4 was 3 cases. 2. In 2 cases of type 3, was treated by primary bipolar endoprosthesis due to comminution of head, neck and the other was by emergency open reduction of dislocation, multiple Knowles pinning of neck fracture, screw fixation of large head fragmnt, multiple knowles pinning of neck fracture, screw fixation of large head fragment, and quardratus femoris pedicled bone graft. 3. In 3 cases of type 4, one was reduced successfully by manipulation and treated conservatively. Two cases were initially treated by closed reduction and delayed open screws fixation of large acetabular rim fragments, during which head fragments were not removed. 4. There had been no clinical or radiological evidence of avascular necrosis of femoral head at 17 months follow up, but increased isotope uptake on bone scanning in type 3 patient. 5. All type 4 patients had not complained of hip pain and no evidence of radiological avascular necrosis of femoral heads at average 29 months follow up.

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The treatment of pathologic fracture of the proximal fimur by solitary bone cyst in children report of two cases: Choong Gil Lee, Jin Woo Kwon, Soo Young Kim, Sang Hoon Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 1993;6(2):352-356. Published online November 30, 1993; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1993.6.2.352

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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Chronic isolated distal radioulnar dislocation in child a case report: Choong Gil Lee, Jin Woo Kwon, Soo Yong Kim, Jae Hyun Park; J Korean Soc Fract 1993;6(1):165-168. Published online May 31, 1993; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1993.6.1.165

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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Treatment for Two-part Fracture of the Humerus Surgieal Neck by Ender Nailing: Choong Gil Lee, Jin Woo Kwon, Soo Yong Kim, Kyung Tae Son; J Korean Soc Fract 1992;5(2):348-355. Published online November 30, 1992; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1992.5.2.348

Abstract PDF: There is no consensus on the best way to treat complicated fractures of the proximal humerus. We treated two-part surgical neck fractures which were not suitable for conservative method by semi-open reduction and Ender nailing with addition of cancellous bone graft. This method provided good three-point fixation and then early ROM exercise was possible even in case of osteoporotic or severely comminuted surgical neck fractures. Between June 1989 and February 1992, Ender nailinss were performed for two-part surgical neck fractures, and among those cases 16 were followed for more than 1 year. The results of study were as follows ; 1. All cases were treated by seml-open reduction and Ender nailing with additional cancelous bone graft. 2. Ender nails were inserted through retrograde entry in all cases. 3. Complications developed in 3 cases ; one case of proximal migration of Ender nail and two of shooter joint partlal stiffness. 4. The mean duration of radiologic bone union was postoperative 9 weeks. 5. According to Neer criteria 11 cases were good, 3 fair and 2 poor results.

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