Journal of Musculoskeletal Trauma

Treatment of the Clavicle Fracture: Kwang Suk Lee, Jung Ho Park, Geol Choi; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):461-466. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.461

Abstract PDF: The clavicular fractures occur frequently and are treated conservatively, usually. But things are trending toward operative treatment in displaced cases due to nonunion. From June 1984 to November 1993, 153 patients(156 cases) among 297 patients with the clavicular fractures were analysed at Department of orthopedic surgery, Korea university hospital. The brief summary of the observations are as follows: 1. among 156 cases, the right side were 72 cases, the left side were 84 cases and both were 3 patients. The most common cause of injury was the the traffic accident and the most frequent site of the fracture was middle one-third. 2. According to the Allmans classification, the fractures were classified in three groups. Group Iwere 113 cases, Group II were 28 cases and Croup III were 15 cases and the average age of each groups were individually 28.7 yeara,35.4 years and 41.4 years respectively. 3. The average duration of the radiological union of the conservative treatment were 9.8 weeks in Group I ,9.7 weeks in Group II and 10.3 weeks in Group III. And of the operative treatment were 10.1 weeks in Group I , 10.1 weeks in Group II and 9.9 weeks in Group III Any difference between the conservative and the operative treatment was not observed. 4. The complications were nonunion in 2 cases, delayed union in 2 cases and refracture in 1 case after conservative treatment, and nonunion in 2 cases, delayed union in 1 case, refracture in 1 case and superficial wound infection in 1 case after operative treatment.

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Scapulothoracic Dissociation: Two cases report: Man Ho Byun, Sung Seok Seo, Hyun Duk Yu, Young Chang Kim, Jang Seok Choi, Young Ku Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):467-470. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.467

Abstract PDF: Scapulothoracic dissociation is rare injury and as a result of severe shoulder girdle trauma. muptiple fractures of the upper extremity and closed disruption of scapula from the thorax are combined with damage to the local neurovascular structures, brachial plexus and subclavian artery. Tracitionally, above-the-elbow amputation and shoulder arthrodesis have been used to treat the flail upper extremity. Now we experienced two cases of scapulothoracic dissociation managed by forequarter amputation, shoulder and above-the elbow amputation and then present two cases of scapulothoracic dissociation through case and textbook review.

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The Treatment of Complete Dislocation of Acromio-Clavicular Joint: Joo Chul Ihn, Hee Soo Kyung; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):471-479. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.471

Abstract PDF: There are many procedures described for the treatment of complete acromio-clavicular dislocationn but there are still controversies concerning the best management of these injuries. Surgical treatment modalities for complete acromio-clavicular dislocation are variable and usually successful. The fiftheen cases were treated at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, from January 1990 to July 1993. And they had been followed for average 22 months. The following results were obtained. 1. According to classification by Rockwood and Green. Grade li[ were 7 cases and Grade V 8 cases. 2. Of the 15 cases,2 cases were treated by conservative method, and 13 cases by operative mothods. 3. The clinical results according to Weitzmans criteria were excellent in 9 cases(60%), good in 4 cases(26.7%) and fair in w cases(13.3%). 4. The complications were pin migration, breakage, loosening, calcification of coraco-clavicular joint in 1 case respectively and recurrent dislocation after pin removal in 2 cases. 5. We thought that the operative procedures are indicated in the treatment of type III & V complete dislocation of acromio-clavicular joint.

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Femoral Shaft Fracture Associated with Ipsilateral Femoral Neck or Intertrochanteric Fracture: Kyoo Ho Shin, Yun Pei Kung, Jun Seop Jahng; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):480-487. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.480

Abstract PDF: The segmental fracture of the femur usually was caused by severe force and often accompanied with marked damage of the soft tissue and associated fractures of the other bones. Treatment of the segmental fracture is almost always required operation, and the interest lies in deciding on what operating methods to use and the technical difficulty involed with each method. From Jan. 1986 to Dec. 1993, 29 patients were treated for femoral neck or intertrochanteric fractures which accompanied with ipsilateral femoral shaft fractures at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 16 cases were intracapsular (femoral neck) and 13 cases were extracapsular (intertrochanter) hip fractures. We analysed the union time and complications of the 21 cases which were followed over one year. The following results were obtained: 1. For the group of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fracture, the knee injury was the most common associated injury (66.7%). 2. For the group of ipsilateral intertrochanter and femoral shaft fracture, the knee injury was not so frequent than the previous group (11.1 to). 3. The ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fracture was induced by a longitudinal force, which was parallel with femoral shaft and through the knee, and accompanied with a lateral force. But the ipsilateral intertrochanter and femoral shaft fracture may be induced by a different mechanism, a direct transverse force towards the proximal femur. In conclusion. the ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fracture should be distinguished from the ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fracture, because of the associated injury pattern and different mechanism of the injury.

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Treatment of Ipsilateral Fracture of the Femur and Tibia("Floating Knee"): Soo Bong Hahn, Gang Hee Koh; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):488-496. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.488

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Concomitant ipsilateral femoral and tibial fractures present a challenging therapeutic problem. They are generally caused by high-energy trauma, primarily motor-vehicle accidents, and the local trauma to the soft tissue is often extensive. We retrospectively reviewed 48 cases of the ipsilateral fracture of femur and tibia from March 1983 to March 1993 and analyzed the clinical and functional results. The results were as follows. 1. The most common site of fracture was middle one-third and the most common type of the fracture was comminuted in both femur and tibia. 2. The most common associated injury was concomitant fracture and dislocation of other sites(28 cases) and fat embolism was developed in 4 cases and compartment syndrome was developed in 3 cases. 3. Satisfactory reults were achieved in 72% of the patients treated with internal fixation of both fracture, 63% of the patient with internal fixation for the femur and 43% of the patients managed conseuatively.

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Comparison of Floating Knee according to Presence of Knee Joint Injury
Eau-Sup Chung, Jong Hyuk Park, Hee Rack Choi, Joo Hong Lee, Kwang-Bok Lee
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2012; 25(4): 277. CrossRef

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The Treatment of Nonunion of Femoral Fractures with an Interlocking Nailing: Churl Hong Chun, Sang Soo Kim, Dong Churl Kim, Hee Jun Yoo; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):497-504. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.497

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Nonunion of femoral fractures has continued to challenge orthopaedic surgeons. Interlocking nailing with reaming offers the advantages of stable fixation. adequate alignment, minimum shortening, good rotational control, early weight bearing without external support and high union rate. Between August 1988 and March 1993, 20 patients with nonunion of the femoral fractures were treated by an interlocking nailing with reaming. The types of primary treatment prior to nonunion were plate fixation in 10 patients, conventional intramedullary nailing in 9 patients and external fixation in 1 patient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the causes of nonunion and analyze the results with interlocking nailing in the management of nonunion of femoral fractures. The radiological examination revealed that formation of the bridge callus took a mean of 3.5 months for the patients who received the plate and screw fixation. On the other hand. it took a mean of 2.4 months for the patients who were treated with conventional intramedullary nailing. When the two groups of patients were combined, it took a mean of 3.2 months. All patients were obtained the complete union in a mean time of 10.4 months after an interlocking nailing. Complications were 1 breakage of distal target screws. 1 pain near the entry of nail and 1 delayed union. Limb shortening was measured by roentgenoscanography and occurred in all patients but not clinically significant.

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Cause and Treatment of the Nonunion of Femoral Shaft Fracture after Interlocking Intramedullary Nailing
Sung-Soo Kim, Sung-Keun Sohn, Chul-Hong Kim, Myung-Jin Lee, Lih Wang
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2007; 20(2): 141. CrossRef

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Problems and Complications after Interlocking Intramedullary Nailing for Femoral Fracture: Young Bae Pyo, Sang Hong Lee, Young Hyun Jeon; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):505-512. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.505

Abstract PDF: Interlocking nailing is the best method available in treatment of femoral shaft fracture dui to its many advantages compared with other method. However, we have encountered many problems during the operative procedure and postoperative periods due to technical complexities. After we have evaluated problems during and after the procedure of interlocking nailing for the femoral fractures in 56 cases, we suggest the means to avoid these errors and complications. 1. Among the 54 patients,39 complications and technical errors have been reported in 19 patients. 2. Intraoperative complications and technical errors were encountered in ; 9 cases of improper portal of entry, 3 cases of new fragmentation,3 cases of angulation,2 cases of new fracture line,2 cases of failure of distal locking screw insertion,2 cases of distraction of fracture site, 1 case of proximal protrusion of nail and 1 case of rotation of nail. 3. Postoperative complications were encountered ,6 cases of delayed union,2 cases of nonunion,2 cases of limb shortening,2 cases of deep infection,2 cases of loosening of distal locking screw, 1 case of breakage of distal locking screw and 1 case of failure of nail.

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Operative Treatment of Subtrochonteric Fractures of the Femur: Sang Ho Ha, Sang Hong Lee, Young Bae Pyo, Yong Hyun Jeon; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):513-520. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.513

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The reduction and maintenance of subtrochanteric fractures are difficult because most of these fractures are comminuted due to high velocity trauma. Although various devices of internal fixation have been developed to solve these problems, selecting the appropriate fixation device for different fracture types is difficult. Subtrochanteric fractures were treated operatively and analysed at Chosun University hospital from Jan.1985 to Dec.1991 and the following results were obtained. The most common type of fracture was type II a by Seinsheimer classification(11 cases,28.9%) The bone union rate was 81.8% in plate fixation group and 87.5% in intramedullary group. Of the 38 cases, 9 complications occured. From this study, it was concluded that intramedullary nailing is beneficial in subtrochanteric fractures associated with medial cortical comminution. Also, when plating was performed massive bone grafting & external support were required.

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On the role of the pre-ionization mechanism in the optical breakdown of molecular oxygen induced by CO2 laser: Numerical investigation
Yosr E. E.-D. Gamal, O. Aied Nassef, A. S. Salama
Physics of Plasmas.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Management of Femoral Shaft Fractures in the Adolescent: Hyoun Oh Cho, Kyoung Kuck Kwak, Sung Do Cho, Cheol Soo Ryoo, Bub Jae Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):521-527. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.521

Abstract PDF: Treatment of the femoral shaft fractures in adolescents with open physis is somewhat controversial. Historically, these fractures have been treated with nonoperative methods, but adolescents are less tolerant to the prolonged irnrnobilization than younger children. Futhermore, conservative treatment in this age group may be prone to result in more complications such as malunion and shortening than that in the younger age group. Therefore many authors prefer the operative method for femoral shaft fractures in the adoleseents. The authors reviewed 22 cases of adolescent femoral shaft fractures treated during the period from January, 1958 to June 1992. Seven cases were treated conseratively, eleven by open reduction and intenal fixation with DCP, and four by closed intramedullary nailing. The patients treated with traction and casting showed more often complications such as angular deformity and bone shortening than in the operative methods. In comparing with those cases of plating, the patients of intramedullary nailing had statistically significant shorter ansthesic time and less blood loss in operation. All of the fractures treated with the intramedullary nails healed without malunion or leg length discrepancy, and there was no evidence of growth plate arrest. Results of this study suggest that closed intramedullary nailing of femur fractures in aldolescents is an effective treatment option.

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Ilizarov External Fixation for the Complications of Supracondylar Fracture of Femur: Report of two cases: Eun Kyo Song, Go Hun Chung, Keun Bae Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):528-532. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.528

Abstract PDF: Two patients of nonunion of supracondylar fracture of femur with bone loss and angular deformity were treated by the Ilizarov external fixator. Large bone defect was closed by bone transport technique and angular deformity was corrected by means of hinges on the Ilizarov apparatus. The final results were satisfactory in two cases.

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Treatment of femoral Shaft Fractures with Static Interlocking Intramedullary Nailing: Choong Hee Won, Seung Baik Kang, Kun Shin, Kyung Chul Jeon, Jin Sun Yoe, Kwan Hwan Jang; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):533-537. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.533

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We managed thirty-five patients who had a fracture of the femoral shaft with interlocking fixation and twenty-five of thirty-five patients healed without conversion to dynamic intramedullary fixation and followed more than a year. The results of treatment of fractures of the femoral shaft with static interlocking nailing were reviewed. The average duration of follow-up was sixteen months(range, twelve to twenty-four months). Radiographic consolidation was seen in all fractures at a median of sixteen weeks(range, eight to twenty weeks). There were no non-unions. We concluded that routine conversion of static interlocking to dynamic interlocking is not necessary in the intramedullary nailing of the femur shaft fractures.

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Analysis of Risk Factors for Nonunion after Intramedullary Nailing of Femoral Shaft Fracture in Adult
Yong-Woon Shin, Yerl-Bo Sung, Jeong Yoon Choi, Minkyu Kim
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2011; 24(4): 313. CrossRef

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Interlocking Nailing for Tibial Fractures: Ick Hwan Yang, Kyu Hyun Yang, Dae Yong Han, Hui Wan Park, Hyun Cheol Oh; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):538-543. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.538

Abstract PDF: Nawadays, tibial fractures are not uncommon and those treatment methods are varied also. Recently interlocking nailing for tibial fracture is widely used. Between March 1992 and February 1994, 20 tibial fractures were treated with interlocking nail in 18 patients over 12 months follow up. The results were as follows: 1. Seventeen cases(85.0%) were able to perform active ROM exercise of knee and ankle within 1 week. Partial weight bearing for dynamic interlocking nailing, was allowed in 2.6 weeks(mean). For static interlocking nailing, weight bearing was allowed in 6.7 weeks. 2. The average operation time was 42 minutes, blood loss within 100ml. The fracture sites were not exposed. 3. Union without complications was achieved in 19 cases(95.0%) in average 12.8 weeks. One case needed a secondary operation later with Ilizarov external flxator due to reduction failure. 4. There was no nonunion or reduction loss after weitht bearing. 5. Complications were reduction failure, supeficial infections, and screw breakages. In conclusion, interlocking nailing for tibial fractures was gained good results with low complications and early weight bearing, leads to excellent results.

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Surgical Treatment of Open Tibia Fractures: Intramedullary nailing versus external fixation: Hag Ji Kim, Kyung Jin Song, Byung Yun Hwang; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):544-550. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.544

Abstract PDF: There is still controversies in the method of surgical treatment for open tibia shaft fractures according to there degree of comminution and extent of soft tissue injury. It is generally accepted as open fracture type I, II can be treated with intramedullary nailing but there are so many suggestions for the type III fractures until now. We tried to evaluate the treatment result for the open tibia shaft fracture treated with intramedullary nailing or external fixatives with respect to seven parameters. time to union, tibial alignment, total number of operations, range of motion of the knee and ankle, pain, presence of infection, and complications. We retrospectively analyzed surgically treated sixty-sever tibia(sixty-six patients), forty-one tibia with extrernal fixatives and twenty-six tibia with intramedullaty nailing, at the Chonbuk University Hospital from January 1988 to December 1993 with mean follow up 32 months. Traffic accident was the most common cause of fracture. In Gustilos classification, 21 were in type I, 18 were in type II and 28 were in type III. Intramedullary nailing should be a safe alternative to extemal fixation for type I, II and III-A open fractures. External fixatives could be used temporarily or permanently for the type III-B and III-C fractures.

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A Treatment of Unreamed Intramedullary Nailing of Open Fracture of the Tibia: Keun Kwon Kang, Jang Jung Kim, Kun Yung Lee, Myung Kon Nam, Myung Sik Park; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):551-556. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.551

Abstract PDF: The tibial fracture was the most common fracture of the long bone fractures, especially there were many controversies in the treatment of open fracture by high energy injury. The authors analyzed retrospectively 32 patients of tibial open fracture who underwent unlearned intramedullary nailing at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lee-Rha general hospital from September 1992 to August 1994 with minimal 1 year follow up. In 32 cases, the average age was 37.5 years old and the most common injury was traffic accident(25 cases,78%). Twenty seven cases were male(84.4%) and 5 cases female(15.5%). There were 17 cases of Type A fracture(53%),12 cases Type B(37.5%) and 3 cases Type C(19.5%) by A-O classification, and 11 cases were Type I open fracture(34%) by Gustilo - Anderson classification, 15 cases, Type B (47%) and 6 cases, Type III (19%). The average bone union time was 14.8 weeks except one case of infected non-union. We concluded that unlearned intramedullary nailing is recommended for the compatible treatment metnod of tibial open fractures.

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Locked Intramedullary Nailing of Tibial Segmental Fractures: Bu Hwan Kim, Jong In Yim, Hee Yeong Chung, Joon Young Park; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):557-565. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.557

Abstract PDF: Recently closed interlocting intramedullary nailing under image intensifier has been widely used in the treatment of segmental fracture of long bone and good results have been reported. Twenty-six segmental fractures of tibia were treated with interlocking intramedullary nailing from Mar. 1989 to Feb. 1993 at Dae-Dong General Hospital and all cases were followed up more than 18 months. In this paper we are reporting the results of twenty-six segmental tibial fracture treatment. 1. Seventeen patients were male and 7 patients were female. 2. Eighteen cases(69.2%) were caused by traffic accident and ipsilateral fibular fractures were the most common associated injury. 3. Most common type of fractures were Melis type II(10 cases 38.4fo), proximal fracture lies in the middle third of the shaft and the distal fracture lies in the lower third. 4. Average union time in closed fractures was 23.0 weeks and 29.5 weeks in open fracture with average 28.5 weeks.

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Treatment of Tibial Shaft Fracture Using Intramedullary Nail: Dae Young Han, Kyu Hyun Yang, Young Chul Cho, Myung Koo Kim, Seong Jin Park; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):566-571. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.566

Abstract PDF: In the treatment of tibial shaft fracture with intramedullary nail. reaming effectively lengthens the isthmus of the tibia and there by extends the number of fractures amenable to this technique. Reming process, however, destroys the endosteal blood supply, may impair bony union and provecate infection in open fracture. Eighty-eight cases of tibial shaft fractures treated with reamed nail(56 cases) and unlearned nail(32 cases) from January 1991 to August 1994 at Yonsei Medical Center were analyzed. Average follow-up period was 7.3 months.
Results
were as follows 1. In closed fractures, there was no difference in union time between reamed and unlearned group, and low energy injury group had shorter union time than high energy injury group. 2. In open fractures, unlearned group had shorter union time than reamed group. 3. Unlearned group had less complications such as infection and delayed union, and had more cases of interlocking screw breakage(3 cases) which did not dusturb the bony union. In conclusion, unlearned tibial nailing was useful method to treat not only open fracture but also closed fracture.

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Comparison of Reamed and Unlearned type Intramedullary Interlocking Nail in Treatment of Tibia Shaft Fracture: Ig Gon Kim, Jae Hyek Kim, Chul Hyun Kim, Soo Gon Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):572-577. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.572

Abstract PDF: The authors analyzed 41 cases of fresh diaphyseal fracture of tibia who were treated with intramedullary interlocking nail between Oct. 1991 to Oct. 1993. in Hae-Dong hospital and followed up for 12 months or more. Among 41 cases, 18 cases were treated with reamed nailing method, and the others with unlearned method. The authors compared the results of 2 type of nailing method and obtained the following results. 1. Most of the cases(63%) had injury in their third and forth decade. Male was 31 cases. 2. The most common cause of injury was traffic accident(61%). 3. The mean bony union time was 16.5 weeks in reamed case, and 15.6 weeks in unlearned case. 4. The patients were judged to have good or excellent result in 89% of reamed cases and 87% of unlearned cases according to functional result by Klemm and Borner. The merits of unlearned intramedullary interlocking nail were relatively easier in procedure, short operation time, and less bleeding. So the authors concluded that unlearned intramedullary interlocking nail is useful method to treat the tibial diaphyseal fractures, especially in open fracture, elder patient and complicated patient.

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Surgical Treatment of the Patellar Fractures: Hak Yeong Jeong, Seung Wook Yang, Young Cheol Shin, Han Sung Park, Tae Ho Joo; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):578-585. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.578

Abstract PDF: Recently the incidence of the patellar fracture has been increasing because of frequent traffic accidents and industrial accidents, and its treatment is considered very important due to the involvement of the articular suface occurs in most of the cases. Comminuted displaced fractures of the patella which are difficult to reduce accurately and to get stable internal fixation, may lead to traumatic osteoarthritis, chondromalacia, extension lag and limited ROM of the knee joint. The retrospective review was undertaken of 49 patients with patellar fractures treated by surgical methods and a follow up of more than 1 year at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Maryknoll Hospital between Aug. 1987 and Jan. 1994. The findings were as follows: 1. Most fractures were encountered in man from twenties to forties. 2. The most common cause of fractures was traffic accident, followed by slip down or fall down. 3. Comminuted fracture was the most common type in this series. 4. Large separated fragments of the patella should be accurately reduced with rigid fixation in the rationale of the intraarticular fracture. 5. The most favorable results were obtained by Modified Tension Band Wiring with supplementary oircurnferential wiring for comminuted fractures and the result was superior to other operative methods.

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Injury of Distal Tibio-Fibular Syndesmosis Treated with Trans-Syndesmotic Screw Fixation: Jong Min Sohn, Ju Hai Chang, Dong Heon An, Jong Wook Shin; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):586-593. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.586

Abstract PDF: Injury of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis Is usually associated with pronation-external rotation, supination-extemal rotation or pronation-abduction injuries at the ankle. In general, there are two methods of treatment for injured distal tibioflbular syndesmosis. The first is direct repair of injured syndesmosis and the second is internal fixation with trans-syndesmotic screw for stability of distal tibiofibular joint. The latter method is generally used because the procedure is simple and the outcome is relatively good. Our patients who had been injured of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis that associated with ankle fractures had treated with open reduction, internal fixation and transfixing screw, and early range of motion exercise was started for decreasing joint stiffness and degenerative change. Between March 1990 and August 1994, twelve patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation and trans-syndesmotic screw fixation. Early range of motion exercise was started ater 3 weeks, and trans-syndesmotic screw was removed and partial weighting bearing was started at 8-12 weeks after sugery. After full weight bearing, follow up clinical examination and full weight bearing ankle roentgenography was evaluated. The results was as followed 1. Among the 12 cases, male was 7, Female was 5, and the mean age was 30.7 years and the average follow-up period was 27.3 months 2. Range of motion exercise was started at postoperative day 3 weeks. 3. Trans-syndesmotic screw was removed at postoperative day 8-12 weeks and partial weight bearing walking ambulation was started. 4.The full weight bearing ankle anterior-posterior roentgenography was evaluated. 5. There was 3 complicated cases, traumatic arthritis 1 case, infection with diastasis 1 case and distal tibiofibular fusion 1 case. 6. The excellant and good result were achieved in 9 cases(75%)

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Treatment of the Posterior Lip Fracture of Distal Tibia Using Posteromedial Apprroach: Chung Nam Kang, Jong oh Kim, Seok Beom Lee, Oh Yong Kang, Min Soo Shin; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):594-599. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.594

Abstract PDF

The primary goal of treatment of the posterior lip fracture is to effect the returning of normal function that is accomplished by the early institution of motion. A variety of both open and closed treatment have been recommended, but many authors have advocated internal fixation of large fragments that compromise 25 per cent or more of the articular surface on the lateral radiography Open reduction with internal fixation of the posterior lip fragment has been associated with technical problems. VisualiBation of the articular surface is obscure by overhanging of the posterior tibial margin and talus. And than efforts at open reduction of posterior lip fragments are frequently unsuccessful. We used the posteromedial approach to this lesion. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. Of the 17 cases, male was 9 cases(53%), female was 8 cases(47%) the most common victim was twentieth and thirtieth decades. 2. The mean afticular surface involvement of the posterior lip fragments in the sagittal plane were 28 percent. 3. The location of posterior lip fragment was central(2 cases), posteromedial(6 cases), posterolateral(9 cases). 4. The posteromedial approach affords the most predictable way to cary out an absolutely anatomic reduction of posterior lip fractures and a low complication rate.

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Treatment of the Posterior Malleolar Fracture Using Posterior Approach
Hyun Wook Chung, Dong Hwan Kim, Si Hoon Yoo, Jin Soo Suh
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2010; 23(1): 50. CrossRef
Radiologic Analysis and Treatment of Posterior Malleolar Fractures of the Ankle
Jae Sung Lee, Soo Yong Kang, Han Jun Lee, Young Bong Ko
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2009; 22(2): 98. CrossRef

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Measurement of Radiologic Criteria for Evaluation of the Syndesmosis in Korean Men: Jong Oh Kim, Hyeong Yeon Choi, Yong Whan Yoo; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):600-605. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.600

Abstract PDF

The ankle joint is the hinge joint composed of distal tibiofibula, talus and ligaments. Fractures of ankle joint are frequenty associated with ligaments ruptures and especially, as diastasis of ankle joint was easy to be overlooked, patients suffered form the pain and disability of ankle joint. Therefore, diastasis of ankle joint should be accurately diagnosed and properly treated. To obtain this goal, thorough understanding of diastasis and clear-cut diagnostic guide are important. For evaluation of differences between foreigners and Korean, authors measured the radiologic criteria for evaluation of the 100 Korean men from February 1995 to July 1995. The results obtained for this study were as follows. 1. Syndesmosis A : This is a measurement of the tibiofibular clear space form the lateral border of the posterior tibial malleous on anteroposterior(A.P.) radiograph. In Korean men, average measure ment was 3.74mm Â±0.66mm. 2. Syndesmosis B : This is a measurement of the overlap form the medial border of the fibula to the lateral border of the anterior tibial prominence on A.P. radiograph. In Korean men, average measurement was 8.82mmÂ± 1.93mm. 3. Talocrural angle : This angle is formed by a line perpendicular to the distal tibial articular surface and a line joining the tips of both malleoli on the mortise view. In Korean men, average measurement was 77.51 Â± 4.94. 4. Medial clear space This is the distance from the lateral border of the medial malleoulus to the medial border of the talus at the level of the talar dome on the mortise view In Korean men, average measurement was 3.37mm Â±0.66mm. 5. Talar tiIt : This angle is formed by a line drawn parallel to articular surface of the distal tibia and second line drawn parallel to the tatar surface. In Korean men, average measurement was 0.37 Â± 0.68. To analyze the these results, syndesmosis A, medial clear space, and talar tiIt were similar to foreigners and Korean men, but syndesmosis B and talocrural angle were lower value in Korean men than in froeigners.

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Radiographic Evaluation of the Normal Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis in Neutral to Dorsiflexion on Weight-Bearing
Seong Kee Shin, Ki Chun Kim, Se Yong Song, Ki Won Young, Kyung Tai Lee
The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2021; 39(1): 1. CrossRef

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Treatment of Fracture - Dislocation of Tarsometatarsal Joint: Byoung Ho Lee, Dong Min Shin; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):606-614. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.606

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We reviewed and clinically analysed 23 cases of tarsometatarsal joint injuries, which were treated at the orthopaedic department of Chosun university hospital during the period from January 1989 to December 1993, and the following results were obtained. 1. The clinical results of tarsornetatarsal joint injuries did not correlate with the mechanism and classification of injuries. 2. Anatomical reduction and its maintenance, whether treated by closed or open methods, seemed to lead to normal appearance and function. 3. In many cases of our series. early closed reduction was unlikely to succeed because of soft tissue interposition, marked comminution. or a large articular fragment, or because of many concomitant injuries involving the same foot. 4. We recommend early aggressive open reduction and K-wire fixation if the closed reduction is inadequate. 5. For maintenance of stable reduction, only two K-wires(one through the 1st metatarsal base into the first cuneiform, and the other through the fifth metatarsal into the cuboid) are insufficient especially in direct injury, so we recommend that fixation of displaced individual metatarsal and the base of second metatarsal with multiple K-wires.

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Fractures of the Tarsal Bone
Young Hwan Park, Hak Jun Kim, Soo Hyun Kim
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2016; 29(4): 276. CrossRef

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Treatment of Neglected Fracture-Dislocation of the Ankle Using llizarov Device: A case report: Hong Jun Han, Dong Churl Kim, Seong Ho Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):615-619. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.615

Abstract PDF: There was a close correlation between the final clinical result and the quality of reduction of the fracture fragments. Fracture-dislocations of the ankle are relatively rare and unstable injuries in which anatomical reduction and difficult by closed method. More recently, anatomical reduction, secure internal fixation and early motion have been advocated as principle of treatment for a success ful clinical outcome in fracture-dislocation of the ankle. We reviewed the result of a case of the neglected ankle fracture-dislocation that have been reduced anatomically by closed method using a Ilizarov device. Clinical and radiographic results of the technique were satisfactory after length of follow-up thirty-eight months.

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Treatment of Ipsilateral Fracture of the Femur and Tibia: Dong Heon Kim, Kyu Cheol Shin, Bo Hyeon Kim; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):620-627. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.620

Abstract PDF: The floating knee describes the fail knee joint segment resulting from fractures of the shafts or adjacent metaphyses of the ipsilateral femu. and tibia. It usually is associated with majo. soft tissue damages, open fractures, and other site injuries. The methods of treatment have been controversal. The key point of the treatment is focussed to the early restoration of the knee function. The floating knee in 24 patients were treated by surgical management from March 1988 to December 1994. The results were follows: 1. Average bone union time in femur was 20 weeks and in tibia was 18 weeks. Difference of the result of the treatment between the interlocking nail and Ender nail was not significant. 2. At the last follow up, the excellent and good results were 83% by Karlstrom and Olerud criteria, and the first group using the intrarneduallary nail achieved best result. 3. The most common complication was loss of the range of motion of the knee and loss of the range of motion of the knee was 0 to 45 degrees(the average 1 degrees).

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Operative Treatment of Intra-articular Fractures of the Calcaneus by Sanders Classification: Jong In Yim, Bu Hwan Kim, Hee Yeong Chung, Woo Sung Choi; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):628-637. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.628

Abstract PDF: The os calcis is the most frequently fractured than any other tarsal bone and the displaced intraarticular fracture account for 60-75% of them. Because of complex contour of calcaneus, it is difficult to evaluate the pattern of fracture exactuly by conventional roentgenograms. But recently, computed tomography clearly defines fracture patterns of subtalar joint and calcaneocuboid joint. From Feb. 1992 to Jan. 1994. we analyzed 18 feet in 16 patients of intraarticular calcaneal fractures after routine preoperative CT scan and Sandersclassification. All cases were operated through extensile lateral approach and internally fixed with plate and screws. The clinical and radiographic analysis were as follows: 1. Sanders classification of 18 cases were type I in 3, type I in 8, type III in 4 and type IV in 3. 2. As the fracture line moves medially, intraoperative visualization of joint, reduction becomes more difficult and the prognosis worsens in type II and IIIBC. 3. By SandersCT classification of calcaneal fracture, it help us in understanding fracture pattern more detail and in deciding of the method of treatment and in the predicting of the prognosis.

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Treatment of Ankle Fractures in Children: Choong Gil Lee, Jin woo Kwon, young Dae Park, Jae Hyum Park, Sung Ho Shin; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):637-644. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.637

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study is to find the effective treatment method by evaluating the frequency and causes of complication in each Salter-Harris types. The materials were 26 ankle physeal injuries treated from 1989 to 1994 with least follow-up of 12 months(ranged 12 to 62 months). The results were as follows. 1. There were 14 boys and 12 girls with an average age of 11 years(range,3-15years) 2. According to Dias and Tachdjian classification, mechanisms of injury were pronation-eversion external rotation type in 7, supination-inversion type in 6, supination-plantar flexion type in 4, supination-external rotation type in 2, Tillaux in 3, unclassified in 4. 3. Amomg 26 cases operative treatment was done in 11 cases that include 4 cases of closed reduction & percutaneous pinning and 7 cases of open reduction & internal fixation. 4. Among 26 cases, complication occurred in 4 cases, in which 3 cases were treated by closed reduction and cast irnrnobilization only or with percutaneous pinning. 5. It is most important for prevention of complication that Salter-Harris type II, III, IV fractures were to be reduced accurately and fixed adequately. 6. Because Tillaux fracture ocurs near the age of epiphyseal closure, there were no clinically significant deformity after long term follow up. In 3 cases of Tillaux fracture, the resluts were good.

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Treatment of Radial Neck Fracture in Children: A Report of Six Cases: Choong Gil Lee, Jin Woo Kwon, Young Dae Park, Jae Hyum Park, Young Suk Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):645-650. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.645

Abstract PDF: From December 1992, 6 fractures of the radial neck in children were treated at Sunrin General Hospital and followed up at least 6 months. The purpose of this study is to review the initial fracture angulation, associated injuries, method of treatment, and clinical and radiologic results. The following results were obtained; 1. There were 3 boys and 3 girls with an average age of 11 years. 2. Among 6 cases, associated injuries were accompanied in 4 cases. 3. Among 6 cases,5 cases were treated conservatively and 1 case of radial head posterior dislocation was treated by open reduction and pin fixation. 4. Angulation of less than 30 degrees were treated by simple cast immobilization(2 cases), of more than 30 degrees were by closed reduction and cast irnrnobilization(3 cases). 5. Elbow partial stiffness occurred in 2 cases.

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Comparison of Treatment Method of Displaeed Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus in Children: Chang Hyuk Choi, Jin Kun Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):651-658. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.651

Abstract PDF: Displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children should be carefully considered in choosing treatment method because of many complications and difficulties of operative technique. We analyzed the follow up results of 94 patients treated by closed reduction and application of cast(CR), skeletal traction(57), percutaneous pinning after closed reduction(PP) and open reduction with internal fixation(OR) from Jan. 1989 to Jan. 1994. The results were as follows: 1. The mean age was 7.5 years old in both sexes, and male to female ratio was 2.5:1. 2. According to Gartland classification, type II was 23 cases, type III a was 42 cases and type III b was 29 cases. 3. Of all fractures, 31 cases were treated by CR, 7 cases by 57,47 cases by PP and 9 cases were treated by OR. 4. According to Flynn criteria, the excellent result of the treatment was 50% followed by CR,57% followed by 57, 79% followed by 57 and 63% followed by OR. 5. There was no significant difference in the mean duration of bony union regardless of fracture type and treatment modalities. 6. The mean duration of hospital stay was longest at 57 group(14 days) and shortest at PP group(4 days). 7. PP producted the best radiographic and functional results and accessibility.

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Treatment of Fractures of Lateral Condyle of Humerus with Compliations: Moon Sang Chung, Sung Churl Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):659-666. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.659

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Fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus are notorious for complications, most commonly nonunion with subsequent proximal migration of the ununited fragment, an increase in the carrying angle, and the tardy ulnar nerve palsy. In the past, the reconstructive surgery for complicated old fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus had been hardly considered, but recently, attempts have been made to reconstruct the anatomy and function of the elbow joint. The authors have reviewed 21 cases of old fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus, which had been treated at Seoul National University Hospital from April,1982 until March, 1990. For established nonunions of the lateral condyle fragment, better results were obtained from the procedure that includes osteosynthesis of the lateral condyle, attempting to restore the normal anatomy of the elbow joint. For tardy ulnar nerve palsies, better results were obtained from the procedure that includes medial epicondylectorny. Fractures of the lateral humeral condyle have many late problems in spite of treatment at the time of injury so early aggressive treatment is necessary. Even in cases with late problems, aggressive treatment should be done, too, as soon as possible.

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In SituLate Metaphyseal Osteosynthesis for the Fractures of the Lateral Humeral Condyle in Children
Kun Bo Park, Seung Whan Lee, Hyun Woo Kim, Hui Wan Park, Ki Seok Lee
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2008; 21(2): 151. CrossRef

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Comparative Study of Radiologic Changes after Conservative Treatment in Compression fracture and Stable Bursting Fracture of Thoracolumbar Spine: Ho Young Sun, Jung Woung Lee, Sang Don Jung, Jae Young Cho, Deok Young Yoon; J Korean Soc Fract 1995;8(3):667-674. Published online July 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1995.8.3.667

Abstract PDF: The diagnosis and management of thoracolumbar spine fracture have been progressrd greatly, because CT and MRI increase the apprehension to thoracolumbar fracture. Middle dolumn was known to be important factor in determining fracture stability, according to "Three column concept by Denis and McAfee." From Jan. 1990 to Jan. 1994 we have managed 63 cases of thoracolumbar compressive fracture and stable burst type thoracolumbar wpine fracture nonoperatively Clinical and radiologic results(kyphotic angle, wedging angle) were evaluated according to fracture pattern. We obtained the following results; 1. The change of kyphotic angle in stable burst fracture is more severe than compressive fracture. 2. The change of wedging angle in stable burst fracture is more severe than compressive fracture. 3. Clinical results of stable bursting fracture was worse than compressive fracture. We concBuded that stable bursting thoracolumbar fracture need more aggressive management.

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